Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys: An In-Depth Guide

1. Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys

1.1 General Non-Ferrous Metals

• Medium Melting Temperature: Cu, Ni
• Low Melting Temperature: Zn, Cd

1.2 Light Metals

• Medium Melting Temperature: Al, Mg, Be
• Low Melting Temperature: Li, Na

1.3 Noble (Precious) Metals

• Medium Melting Temperature: Ag, Au
• High Melting Temperature: Ru

1.4 High Melting Temperature Metals

• BCC Lattice: W, Ta
• HCP Lattice: Ti, Zr

1.5 Rare Earth Metals

• Trace Metals: Sc, Y, La
• Lanthanides: Ce, Pr

1.6 Radioactive Metals, Transuranides, and Transactinides

• Naturally Occurring Radioactive Metals: Po, Fr
• Transuranides and Actinides: Np, Pu
• Transactinides and Superactinides: Rf, Db

Metal Purity Levels:

• Raw Metal: 3-5% of impurities
• Technically Pure Metal: Up to 1% of impurities (fluxing)
• Electrolytically Refined Metal: Up to 0.5% of impurities
• For Specific Applications: Spectral, physical, semiconductor, nuclear

Ores and Material Processing: Ores and other materials are used for the production of non-ferrous metals (NFMs). Preparation technologies involve a sequence of processing steps to separate valuable components and obtain technically and economically viable products.

Preparation of ores and other mineral resources includes:

1.7 Raw Material Preparation

Mechanical ore disintegration by crushing and milling to separate mineral and waste particles.

1.8 Separation

Processes to enrich the processed mineral and increase metal content in the ore.

1.9 Processing

Processing of prepared products and preparation of metallurgical concentrates.

2. Crushing and Milling

Crushing and milling reduce ore lumpiness. The distinction between crushing and milling lies in the technology used and the final product granularity. Each mechanical ore preparation device operates within a specific granularity range. Therefore, crushing and milling are multi-step processes with material sorting in between.

2.1 Final Material Granularities After Mechanical Processing

(Content related to final material granularities should be added here.)