Family Adaptation to Children with Developmental Disabilities

1. Family Relationships and Adaptation to Children with Developmental Disabilities

A. Start of the Family

A strong foundation within the family is crucial for addressing crisis situations. If the couple has a solid relationship, the birth of a child with a developmental disability can strengthen their bond. However, if the relationship is already fragile, it may lead to separation.

B. Expectations of the Child

Parents often have preconceived expectations about their child's development. They need professional support to make informed decisions about pregnancy or potential termination if a disability is detected prenatally.

C. The Birth of the Child

The birth of a child with a disability can trigger a crisis involving several phases:

• Shock: Expectations of having a typically developing child are shattered, and feelings of guilt and anxiety may emerge.
• Reaction: Parents begin to understand the situation and make decisions. New emotions intermingle with initial feelings, and they may seek professional help.
• Reality: Parents adjust to the reality of the situation and the demands of raising a child with a disability.

D. The Preschool Years

Difficulties may arise in acquiring social skills, autonomy, language, and social interaction. Parents experience concern and stress as they provide increased care and dedicate themselves to finding early intervention services.

E. Adolescence

A discrepancy between physical growth and mental, social, and emotional development becomes apparent. Parents face concerns about their child's future after they are gone and how their child will manage independently. Adolescents with disabilities may experience challenges in forming relationships with the opposite sex, as their disability becomes more noticeable.

F. Adult Life

Adults with developmental disabilities may live in institutional settings or remain with their parents until the parents' death. Parents worry about their child's vocational prospects and future care, leading to increased responsibility and fear of potential setbacks.

G. Median Age and Old Age

As individuals with developmental disabilities age, they may require institutional care, especially if they have health problems. Concerns about their living arrangements and well-being persist.

2. Adaptive Differences in Parental Responses

• Parents of children with disabilities are often more receptive to social and family support as it helps alleviate the burden of caregiving.
• They may experience higher rates of depression.
• They express a need for emotional and informational support.
• They require information about their child's specific disability and available resources.
• Bonding with a child with a disability can be more challenging, especially in the early months.
• Concerns about childcare costs and the financial impact on the family are heightened.

Siblings

• Siblings of children with disabilities may have increased responsibilities in their care.
• They may receive less attention from their parents.
• They may face pressure to achieve high standards of success, especially if they are typically developing.