Factors Influencing Career Choice: Krumboltz, Parsons, Ginzburg, Holland, Gottfredson, Super, Tiedeman, Roe

Krumboltz

What are the four main factors that influence career choice?

• Genetic influences
• Environmental Conditions and events
• Learning experiences
• Task approach skills

What was Krumboltz’s theory of career decision making and development based on?

• Social Learning

Parsons

What is the purpose of Parson’s theory of occupational choice?

• To match careers to the talents, skills and personality of a client.

What was the purpose of assessments in Parsons Theory?

• Assessments need to be done in order to gather the client’s talents, skills, dislikes, likes and personality. Once this information is gathered it can be used to help identify jobs or careers in which the client would be a perfect fit for.

Ginzburg

List the sub stages in the tentative stage and explain each stage.

• Interest- focus on your likes and dislikes
• Capacity-abilities align with interests
• Values- What is most important
• Transition- when the individual assumes responsibility for their own actions and choices

What occurs in the fantasy stage?

• Role play
• They begin to think about the career they would like to do when they grow up
• Ex: When I grow up I want to be a school teacher

Holland

Explain the components of the RIASEC method by John Holland. Name 3 characteristics associated with each element.

• Realistic- hands on, active, solving concrete problems, prefer working with things over people
• Investigative- likes math, likes science, loner, solves abstract problems, intellectual challenges
• Artistic-creative, likes self-expression, emotional, original, introspective
• Social- Friendly, responsible, humanistic, cooperative, generous
• Enterprising- leader, persuasive, confident, energetic, adventurous, enthusiastic
• Conventional-ordered, structured, dependable, persistent, practical

Explain the self direct search associated with Hollands theory. How are personality styles coded?

• SDS is a counseling technique widely utilized for diagnosing. It is for the client to conduct a self-assessment of their personal traits. Coded by dominant factors. Ex: SC for a librarian who is friendly (sociable) and organized (conventional)

Gottfredson

List the 4 stages of circumscription indicating the ages associated with each stage. Explain one of the 4 stages.

• Orientation to size and power (3-5) thought process is concrete; children develop some sense through sex roles of what it means to be an adult
• Orientation to sex roles (6-8) self-conception is influenced by gender development
• Orientation to social valuation (9-13) development of concepts of social class contributes to the awareness of self in situation. Preferences for level of work development
• Orientation to the internal, unique self (14+) introspective thinking promotes greater self-awareness and perceptions of others . Individual achieves greater perception of vocational aspirations in the context of self, sex role and social class

One of the major concepts of Gottfredson’s theory is images of occupations. Discuss this concept.

• Images of occupations refer to occupational stereotypes that include personalities of people in different occupations, the work that is done and the appropriateness of that work for different types of people.

Super

Explain how and why some at the age of 45 can be categorized in the exploration stage of Super’s career rainbow.

• Super sees people as not being fixed but changing over time. This calls for an individual’s career being ongoing and developmental, not tied to a single choice made in the past. One can enter the exploratory stage at any given age because he or she may be in the process of trying out what suits them and developing his or her self-concept.

List 3 services you can offer someone in Super’s decline stage.

• When in the decline stage, an individual reduces his or her participation in their work/career. Some possible suggestions to a client in the decline stage include but are not limited to:
  • Retirement options
  • Interest inventories to find new hobbies
  • Volunteer opportunities
  • Referring them to support groups
  • Creating a new daily schedule for them to help managing new excess time

Tiedeman

Name the 7 stages of the career decision making model and explain what happens in each stage.

• Exploration-this stage is marked by random, exploratory considerations. Individual has developed no strategy of plan of action.
• Crystallization- This stage represents progress toward, but not attainment of choice
• Choice- This stage represents a definite commitment with some degree of certainty to a particular goal.
• Clarification- represents a process of closure in which the individual is involved in clarification and elaboration of the consequences of his commitment
• Induction- adjustment to a new group of people and a new situation. This stage ends when a person becomes aware of his being accepted by the group.
• Reformation- The individual‘s primary mode of interaction is assertive, rather than passive. The individual has a strong sense of self.
• Integration- In this stage older group members react against new member’s force for change, which causes the individual to compromise or modify his intentions.

What is the name of the career assessment David Tiedeman created?

• Information system for vocational decisions

What theorist influenced Tiedeman’s career decision making model and what was the name of the theory?

• Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

Roe

What are the 2 key areas of Roe’s theory?

• Theoretical aspects of personality
• Classification of occupations

Roe classified parent child interaction patterns into 3 categories with 3 subcategories. List the category and the description.

• Emotional concentration on the child
  • Overprotective or over demanding
• Avoidance of the child
  • Emotional rejection or neglect
• Acceptance of the child
  • Casual or living

List the 8 categories of occupation in Roe’s comprehensive classification system.

• Service
• Business Contact
• Organization
• Technology
• Outdoor
• Science
• Culture
• Arts & Entertainment