Evolution of the Galician Language Since the 19th Century

Galician Popularization in Portugal

The great writers were concerned about the lack of written rules in common, which would be a priority goal. In Galician, we distinguish the following steps:

Precursors and writers belonging to the *Renacemento* (Renaissance). It is characterized by Castilianisms, dialects, and vulgarisms in speech, such as the use of Spanish to resolve lexical deficiencies. There is some interdialectal talk; it does not merely reflect the speech of the area. Eduardo Pondal's writing is cultured and refined; he takes into account Portuguese and makes use of cultism in spelling. The use of Spanish was something that they knew well. The best writing of the 19th century uses single quotes to represent contractions. An institution was needed to unify different language trends and propose an educated and unified variety.

The Galician Differentialist

The writers of the time, the Brotherhood of Speech, seminars, and Galician studies generation, intended to release Galician from the interference of Spanish. This led to the use of differentialism. Galician extends to all genres and themes, and to cover the lexical gaps due to the marginalization of Galician for such a long time, they used Lusisms and archaisms. The goal of the Royal Galician Academy was to make a dictionary and grammar, but it was interrupted. However, the Brotherhood of Speech and Galician Studies Seminar published their respective works.

The Proto-Standard Galician

Since the civil war until the 1970s, written production remained in exile. After the war and dictatorship, in 1950, Editorial Galaxia began to publish papers that marked the path followed by Portuguese writing for more than two decades. There was an intention to avoid *hiperenxebrismos* (hyper-Galicianisms) and dialectisms. At the University of Santiago de Compostela, the first course in Galician language and literature was created, and the Royal Galician Academy published the first complete rules later. In 1971, the Office of Galician was created, which had great transcendence in the study of our language. From this time, a great Galician-Spanish dictionary and the first monolingual dictionary arrived with democracy.

The Standard Galician

This is the time when the Galician language reached co-official status with the entry into force of the Statute of Autonomy of Galicia. Since it has had access to public and political life and teaching, the need to establish a stable regulatory variety has increased. In 1982, the Galician spelling rules and morphological characteristics of the Galician language, developed by the Royal Galician Academy and the Galician Language Institute, were declared official. Based on the rules of 1982, amendments were made in 1995 and 2003 to set the current legislation. The last one is known as normative harmony since it is able to bond options closest to Portuguese.