Evolution of Children's Literature in the 18th Century
Classified in Social sciences
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Early 18th Century: Imported Fairy Tales
The early 18th century saw the import of fairy tales from France, mirroring the 19th-century trend with German tales. Louis XIV's court favored literary folk tales. Charles Perrault's collections, including Histories or Tales of Past Times (1729), introduced English readers to Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots, and Cinderella.
Shifting Educational Goals
Children's reading objectives evolved from religious education to social education. By the 19th century, the focus shifted to social advancement through practical knowledge.
Key Changes in the 18th Century
Emphasis on Children's Education
The growing middle class recognized children's need for education and enjoyment.
Social Education
Adults prioritized a sheltered and innocent childhood, leading to social education.
Lack of Suitable Children's Books
Many stories, like Little Red Riding Hood, were not adapted for children.
Dawn of Children's Literature (1740s)
The 1740s marked a new era with evolving concepts of childhood.
John Newbery (1713-1767)
A pioneering English editor and marketer, Newbery made children's literature a significant market segment. Though he didn't write stories like Andersen or Perrault, he revolutionized the field. Inspired by John Locke, he created A Little Pretty Pocket-Book (1744), the first book designed for children's enjoyment, featuring simple language, illustrations, and games.
Newbery's Innovations
- Beginning of children's literature
- Creation of child-friendly language
- Learning through play
- Guidance on educating children
His book combined fun and learning, emphasizing that education should be enjoyable.
Rousseau's Emile (1762)
French philosopher Rousseau emphasized moral development in Emile. Unlike Locke's rational approach, Rousseau advocated teaching children to be good human beings. His moral tales influenced children's literature, though it was still considered inferior to adult writing and often penned by women.
Charles Perrault's Tales of Mother Goose (1729)
Perrault's collection of literary folk tales, including Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, and Sleeping Beauty, paved the way for 19th-century retellings. These tales were not initially intended for children due to adult themes and violence.
Sarah Fielding's The Governess (1749)
Fielding's didactic novel is considered the first English novel written specifically for girls, marking a significant step in children's literature.