Ethics, Philosophy, and Human Behavior Fundamentals

Key Ethical Concepts and Definitions

Ethics: A tool that helps in making decisions and rules of behavior based on what is morally right.

Moral Dilemmas: Conflicts where there are no clear or exact solutions; you have to make the best decision that will still affect others.

Norms: Standards of proper behavior.

Morality: Right and wrong behavior.

Human Act vs. Act of Man: An action that is voluntary; an act of man involves thought and a taken decision.

Values and Anti-values:

• Ethical Values: The capacity for determining importance in situations.
• Moral Values: Guidelines that assist in deciding between right and wrong.
• Anti-values: A predictable outcome.

Ethics in the Digital Age

Sharenting: When tutors share excessive information and/or photos of their children.

Digital Footprint: All the information and actions online of a person, whether intentional or unintentional.

Digital Dilemma: A situation in digital life where the best course of action is not clear.

Digital Reputation: People's thoughts about you based on what they see on your digital footprint.

Showing Empathy Online: Imagine, say, identify, and feel.

Psychological Frameworks

ID, Ego, and Super Ego:

• ID: 100% unconscious; demands gratification and avoids inconvenience.
• Ego: The self-conscious part that operates the decisions.
• Superego: Decides on moral options that are thought through before being operated.

Great Philosophers of History

Socrates

• Socratic method
• Moral politics
• Plato's professor
• Asked a lot of questions
• Philosophical king > democracy
• Inspired the best philosophers
• Did not study nature

Plato

• We cannot trust our senses
• Train how to think properly
• Everything has abstract perfection
• Cosmos is perfect
• Geometry = perfection
• Stars move in circles
• More of a scientist
• Aristotle's opponent

Aristotle

• Was Plato's student
• From Macedonia
• Studied in the "Academy" and metaphysics
• Taxonomy
• Created the Lyceum
• Observed and explained the world
• Elements do not exist in pure forms

Human Behavior and Influencing Factors

Actions are taken by the human consciousness.

Key Behavioral Factors

Stimuli: Social status, skills, values, education, etc.

Cognitive Factors: Expectations, knowledge, and attitude.

Environmental Factors: Social norms, access in the community, and influence on others.

Behavioral Factors: Skills, practice, and self-efficacy.