Essential Networking Concepts and Troubleshooting Facts

Private IP Address Ranges

Private IP Ranges: -10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, /172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, /192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Network Protocols and Services

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• UDP/TCP (User Datagram Protocol/Transmission Control Protocol)
• IP/HTTP (Internet Protocol/Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

DHCP Server Functionality

An integrated router can act as both a DHCP server and a DHCP client. Most home network integrated routers receive an IP configuration directly from their ISP. A variety of devices can act as DHCP servers, as long as they run DHCP service software.

Wireless Network Requirements

All wireless devices connected to this access point must have an assigned SSID of Academy.

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a security protocol.

The SSID identifies the wireless LAN.

Encryption: It encrypts data between the wireless client and the access point.

Basic Service Set (BSS)

Common Physical Layer Issues

Troubleshooting often involves checking for improperly terminated cables or cables plugged into wrong ports.

The transmit pins on one device are connected to the receive pins on the other device (crossover).

Link Status LED on the front of the router indicates connectivity.

Wireless Standards

Wireless standards include: 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n.

Wireless signal degradation: Loss of signal strength as distance increases.

Subnet Mask Example

Example Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0

Troubleshooting Documentation

It is crucial for documenting the troubleshooting process.

Commands for IP renewal: ipconfig /release followed by ipconfig /renew.

Switch and Frame Forwarding

A switch will not forward the frame to another network.

A switch operates within a broadcast domain.

Access Control and Security

Access is permitted only if it is a legitimate response to a request from an internal host (Stateful Firewall concept).

Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

Addressing and Naming

Devices use an IP address and computer name for identification.

MAC addresses are physical addresses used to identify a specific Network Interface Card (NIC).

DNS servers are used to map a name to an IP address.

Network Infrastructure Components

Router Configuration Details

Essential IP configuration components include: default gateway, dynamic IP address, and DNS server address.

Routers are designed to interconnect local network segments.

When is a dedicated digital data line necessary? When high-speed, dedicated connectivity is required.

Network Layers and Devices

The access layer is a component of hierarchical network design.

A router connects to a switch.

The destination of a packet is determined by the destination IP address.

Network Performance and Costs

Performance metrics are often measured in bps (bits per second).

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes: hardware, software, and support costs.

Data Transmission Methods

Broadcast transmission sends data to all devices on the segment.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT allows private IP addresses to share a single public IP address.

Cabling Benefits

Proper cable termination minimizes crosstalk.

Addressing Authority

ISPs obtain address blocks from registry organizations.

Network Application Types

Network Application Types:

• A network application is loaded on a local computer and accessed from a remote computer (e.g., instant messaging).
• A local application is loaded and accessed only by the local computer.

Configuration Methods

Management interfaces include CLI (Command Line Interface) and GUI (Graphical User Interface).

Hardware/Software Installation

Storage options include: flash drive or external DVD.

Binary representation: 0/1.

A laptop is a common end-user device.

Clean install refers to installing an operating system without retaining previous data.

PC Component Advantages

Advantages of custom builds: A user can specify higher performance components, supporting higher-end graphics and gaming applications.

Service Level Agreement

SLA (Service Level Agreement) defines service expectations.

Miscellaneous Facts

An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is an organization that allows individuals and businesses to connect to the Internet.

Example sequence: B, D, C, A.

The network to which the host belongs is identified by its network portion of the IP address.

A collection of patches and updates released by a vendor is called a service pack.

Wireless client configuration depends on the SSID and whether the client is configured for DHCP.

Confirmation: The wireless connection is good.