Essential Network Command-Line Utilities Explained

Ping Command Options

• -t: Sends echo requests to the host until interrupted.
• -a: Resolves IP addresses to host names.
• -n number: Specifies the number of echo requests to send.
• -l size: Sets the send buffer size in bytes.
• -f: Prevents fragmentation of the packet.
• -i TTL: Sets the Time To Live (TTL) value.
• -v TOS: Specifies the Type of Service (TOS).
• -r amount: Records the route for this number of hops.
• -s number: Records timestamps for this number of hops.
• -j lista_de_host: Specifies a loose source route along the host list.
• -k lista_de_host: Specifies a strict source route along the host list.

ARP Command Parameters

• -a: Displays current ARP entries. If Dir_IP is specified, it shows the IP and physical addresses only for that specific computer.
• -g: Same as -a.
• dir_IP: Specifies an Internet address.
• -N dir_if: Displays ARP entries for the network interface specified by dir_if.
• -d: Deletes the host specified by dir_IP.
• -s: Adds a host and associates the Internet address dir_IP with the physical address dir_eth. The physical address is specified by six hexadecimal bytes, separated by dashes.
  • dir_eth: Specifies a physical (MAC) address.
  • dir_if: If present, specifies the Internet address of the interface whose address translation table is to be modified. If not specified, the first applicable interface is used.

Tracert Command Options

• -d: Does not resolve addresses to host names.
• -h máximo_de_saltos: Sets the maximum number of hops to search for the target.
• -j lista_de_host: Specifies loose source routing along the host list.
• -w timeout: Sets the number of milliseconds to wait between attempts for a reply.

Netstat Command Parameters

• -e: Displays statistical information about network packets sent and received.
• -a: Shows all active connections and listening ports.
• -r: Displays the routing table and active connections.
• -s: Displays per-protocol statistics.
• -n: Displays routing and access numbers in numerical form.
• -p proto: Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto (e.g., tcp, udp, or ip).

Nslookup Command Functionality

Nslookup is a command-line tool used to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers. It displays information such as the IP address of a given hostname or the hostname associated with a specific IP address.