Essential Medical Diagnostic Methods and Technologies

Advanced Medical Imaging Techniques

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans

  Computed Tomography (CT) allows for the visualization of body parts in very fine, successive cross-sections, revealing even the smallest details. The apparatus uses an X-ray tube and detectors that analyze the fraction of X-rays absorbed by tissues. Soft tissues absorb less radiation than hard tissues, allowing for differentiation.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses a powerful magnet to generate a magnetic field, which is absorbed by hydrogen atoms in the body. By changing the magnetic field, these atoms return to their original state, emitting signals that are detected and computed by a computer to generate detailed images. MRI can produce images of muscles, ligaments, or organs of the nervous system.

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

  Positron Emission Tomography (PET) involves administering a small dose of a substance that emits positrons. These positrons are detected and computed to create detailed images, often used to assess metabolic activity.

• Scintigraphy: Isotope Imaging

  Scintigraphy is a similar method that uses radioactive isotopes. It is primarily used for the detection of metabolic abnormalities within cells.

• Thermography: Heat Mapping

  Thermography involves imaging the body with a camera that detects infrared radiation (heat). This technique obtains thermal images of subcutaneous vascularization. It can be used for the detection of malignant tumors, particularly in the breasts, due to their increased temperature.

Biopsy: Tissue Sample Analysis

A biopsy involves extracting a small portion of living tissue from the body, which is then studied using microscopic techniques. This technique is widely used for the diagnosis of tumors and other conditions.

Functional Diagnostic Tests

• Electromyography (EMG)

  Electromyography (EMG) involves introducing electrodes directly into muscles to recognize the activation of muscle fibers. It is commonly used in the study of myopathies (muscle diseases).

Clinical Fluid Analysis

• Urinalysis: Urine Sample Testing

  While urinalysis does not always have the same diagnostic validity as blood analysis, it can provide valuable information on metabolic diseases, infections, and local malfunctions of the excretory system. If blood concentrations of certain substances exceed specific thresholds, these can often be detected through urine.

• Blood Analysis: Comprehensive Testing

  Blood analysis involves collecting blood samples, often stored in a tube with heparin to prevent coagulation. Under the microscope, the cellular composition is studied to determine if it is normal. Biochemical tests are also performed to identify and quantify various substances present. This comprehensive information is typically collected in a Complete Blood Count (CBC).