Essential Lab Skills: Scientific Method, Metrics, and Microscopy

The Scientific Method and Metric Measurements

1.Know and understand The steps in the scientific method.

Making observations

Asking questions

Proposing answers

Testing the hypothesis

Accepting or rejecting the hypothesis

Repeating the test

2.Understand what is Meant by a controlled experiment.

3.What is the Difference between a control group and an experimental group?

Control group- Never changes

Experimental groups- Dependent and independent Variables

4.Know the metric units Of measurement and how to convert from one unit to another.

10^3 kilo, 10^0 unit, 10^-1 deci, 10^-2 Centri, 10^-3 Mili, 10^-6 Micro, 10^-9 Nano

5.What do the following Instruments measure: pipette-volume, Metric ruler length, beaker- volume, triple beam balance- mass, graduated cylinder- volume, Erlenmeyer flask- volume.

6.Be able to read the Volume in a graduated cylinder.What is The meniscus?

Curva que fazem os líquidos

7.Be able to measure The length of objects using a metric ruler.

The Microscope

1.What are the Different types of microscopes?Which Type do we use in the lab?

Compound light microscope <———

Stereomicroscope

Team scope

Phase-contrast microscope

Transmission electron microscope

Scanning electron microscope

2.Know the parts of the Microscope and their function.

3.What is meant by Field of view and depth of focus?

Field of view- Circular field when you look Through the ocular

Depth of focus - Thickness of an object that is All in sharp focus at the same time

4.How do you calculate total magnification?

Magnification of objective x Magnification of Ocular

5.What is the proper Way to use (focus) the microscope?

6.Understand how Magnification affects the working distance and light intensity.

7.What is a wet mount?

Por agua quando se quer ver uma certa solução

Chemical Composition of Cells

1.Describe the tests Used for detecting the presence of reducing sugars, starch, lipids, and Proteins.What are the reagents used and What color change results from a positive test?

Sugar - Benedicts reagent, orage. No reducing Suger in sucrose

Starch - Iodione, black

Lipids - Sudan stain, separate layers

proteins - Biuret reagent, purple

2.Name the monomers of Starch, lipids, and proteins.

Starch - Glucose, cellulose

Lipids - Fatty acids and glycerol

Proteins - Amino acids

3.Define the Following:monomer, polymer, dehydration Synthesis, hydrolysis.

Monomer -Single molecules that can be bonded to Other identical molecules

Polymer - Chains of monomers