Essential Human Resource Management Principles

Development and Training

Training equips employees with skills for current roles and future challenges. Development is broader, fostering flexibility and long-term growth.

Training benefits include increased productivity, better decision-making, and higher satisfaction. It can be tailored by:

• Purpose: Onboarding, career growth
• Method: On-the-job, group
• Audience: Managers, employees

Development also includes career planning to align personal goals with organizational needs.

Performance Evaluation

Evaluation assesses how well employees meet job requirements, supports decision-making for compensation, promotion, or training, and aligns with strategic goals.

There are three primary types:

• Results-based: Quantitative performance
• Attitudinal: Behavioral assessment
• Potential-based: Evaluation for future roles

HR Planning and Information Systems

Planning anticipates future workforce needs in terms of quality and quantity. It involves analyzing current positions and projecting future ones.

Information systems manage employee data and performance, supporting strategic decision-making and HR effectiveness.

Motivation Theories

Motivation explains why individuals engage in certain behaviors. It is categorized as:

• By origin: Intrinsic vs. extrinsic
• By meaning: Positive (reward-seeking) vs. negative (punishment-avoidance)

Classical Theories

• Maslow: Hierarchy of needs from basic to self-actualization.
• Herzberg: Two-factor theory—hygienic factors prevent dissatisfaction; motivational factors promote satisfaction.
• McGregor: Theory X (people dislike work) vs. Theory Y (people seek responsibility and self-motivation).
• Ouchi: Theory Z—lifelong employment, group decision-making, and employee well-being.

Organizational Theories

• Expectancy Theory (Vroom & Porter-Lawler): Motivation depends on expected results and the value of those results.
• McClelland's Theory of Needs: Focuses on achievement, affiliation, and power.
• Adams' Equity Theory: Motivation is affected by the perceived fairness of rewards.
• Locke's Goal-Setting Theory: Clear, challenging, and agreed-upon goals enhance motivation.