Essential French Vocabulary and Grammar for Daily Life
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Vocabulary: Places and People in the City (En Ville)
City Locations and Shops
- La pharmacie: The pharmacy
- La banque: The bank
- Le supermarché: The supermarket
- Le bureau de poste: The post office / Mail
- Le jardin public: The public garden
- Un immeuble: A building / Apartment block
- La boulangerie-pâtisserie: The bakery-pastry shop
- La boucherie-charcuterie: The butcher shop
- La poissonnerie: The fishmonger's shop
- Le bureau de tabac: The tobacconist's shop
- Le bus: The bus
Professions and People
- Le jardinier: The gardener
- Le facteur: The postman
- La caissière: The cashier
- L'employé(e) de banque: The bank employee
- Le médecin: The doctor
- L'infirmier / L'infirmière: The nurse
- Le buraliste: The tobacconist (person)
- Le poissonnier: The fishmonger (person)
- Le boucher-charcutier: The butcher (person)
- Le boulanger: The baker
- Le chauffeur de bus: The bus driver
Fairground Attractions (La Fête Foraine)
- La fête foraine: The fair / Carnival
- La grande roue: The Ferris Wheel
- Les auto-tamponneuses: Bumper cars
- Le manège: The ride / Carousel
- La maison hantée: The haunted house
Essential French Grammar Points
The Impersonal Pronoun "On"
The pronoun on means 'we,' 'one,' or 'people in general.' It always takes the third person singular conjugation.
- Qu'est-ce qu'on fait demain? (What are we doing tomorrow?)
- On se voit à six heures pour aller au cinéma. (We'll see each other at six to go to the cinema.)
Personal Reflexive Pronouns
These pronouns are used with reflexive verbs (verbs where the action reflects back onto the subject).
- Je me
- Tu te
- Il / Elle / On se
- Nous nous
- Vous vous
- Ils / Elles se
Using Prepositions: Chez vs. À
- Chez: Used before a person's name or a professional title, meaning 'at the house of' or 'at the shop of' (e.g., Chez le médecin, Chez Marie).
- À: Used before general locations or activities (e.g., À la banque, Au cinéma).
The Impersonal Expression "Il Faut"
Il faut is the present tense of the impersonal verb meaning "it is necessary" or "one must."
Forming the Negative Imperative
The negative imperative is formed by placing ne before the verb and pas after it.
Structure: Ne + Verb + Pas
- Parle! (Speak!) → Ne parle pas! (Don't speak!)
- Parlons! (Let's speak!) → Ne parlons pas! (Let's not speak!)
Key Verb Conjugations (Present Tense)
Conjugation of Attendre (To Wait)
- Je j'attends
- Tu attends
- Il / Elle / On attend
- Nous attendons
- Vous attendez
- Ils / Elles attendent
Conjugation of Devoir (To Have To / Must)
- Je dois
- Tu dois
- Il / Elle / On doit
- Nous devons
- Vous devez
- Ils / Elles doivent
Leisure Activities and Hobbies
Sports Vocabulary (Les Sports)
- Le cyclisme: Cycling
- La natation: Swimming
- Le ski: Skiing
- Le jogging: Jogging / Running
- Le tennis: Tennis
- La gymnastique et l'aérobic: Gymnastics and aerobics
- Le rugby: Rugby
- Le football: Soccer / Football
- Le basketball: Basketball
- Le volleyball: Volleyball
Modes of Travel (Voyager)
- En voiture: By car
- En train: By train
- En avion: By air / By plane
- En bateau: By boat
Reading Materials (Lire)
- Des quotidiens: Newspapers
- Des magazines: Magazines
- Des livres: Books
- Des BD (Bandes Dessinées): Comics
Playing Games and Instruments (Jouer)
Games (Jouer à)
- Jouer aux cartes: To play cards
- Jouer aux boules: To play marbles / pétanque
Instruments (Jouer de)
- Jouer de la batterie: To play the drums
- Jouer du violon: To play the violin
Places to Go (Aller)
- Aller à la plage: To go to the beach
- Aller au restaurant: To go to the restaurant
- Aller au zoo: To go to the zoo
- Aller au cirque: To go to the circus
Activities (Faire)
- Faire du jardinage: To do gardening
- Faire du yoga: To do yoga
- Faire de la randonnée: To go hiking
- Faire les magasins: To go shopping
Listening (Écouter)
- Écouter la radio: To listen to the radio
- Écouter un CD: To listen to a CD
Creative Hobbies
- Peindre: To paint
- Bricoler: To do DIY / To tinker