Essential Excel Features and Pascal Programming Concepts

Excel Fundamentals

1. Decrease Indent

Reduces the indentation level of content within a cell.

2. Increase Indent

Increases the indentation level of content within a cell.

Also related: Increase Margin.

3. Orientation

Adjusts the direction of text or objects.

• Vertical Orientation: Arranges text or objects vertically.

4. Insert Menu Contents

The Insert Menu typically contains options to add various elements to your worksheet:

• Cells
• Chart Sheet
• Symbol
• Page Break
• Function
• Name
• Comment
• Image
• Diagram
• Object
• Hyperlink

5. Format Menu Contents

The Format Menu provides options for styling and arranging elements:

• Cells
• Rows
• Columns
• Sheet
• Format (e.g., AutoFormat)
• Conditional Formatting
• Style

6. Tools Menu Contents

The Tools Menu offers utilities for various tasks:

• Spelling
• Reference (Thesaurus)
• Error Checking
• Workspace
• Share Workbook Online
• Mailbox
• Goal Seek
• Formula Auditing
• Add-ins
• AutoCorrect
• Customize

7. Data Menu Contents

The Data Menu is used for managing and analyzing data:

• Sort & Filter
• Form
• Subtotals
• Data Validation
• Text to Columns
• Consolidate
• Group
• Outline
• Table Information
• Get External Data
• List
• XML

8. Window Menu Contents

The Window Menu helps manage your workbook windows:

• New Window
• Arrange All
• Hide
• Split
• Freeze Panes

9. Defining Rows and Columns

• Rows: Are horizontal lines of cells.
• Columns: Are vertical lines of cells.

10. Main Tabs of the Ribbon

The primary tabs found in the Microsoft Office Ribbon interface include:

• Home
• Insert
• Page Layout
• Data
• Review
• View

11. Standard Toolbar Functions

Common functions found on toolbars or the Home tab:

• Paste: Inserts content from the clipboard.
• Cut: Removes selected content and places it on the clipboard.
• Copy: Duplicates selected content and places it on the clipboard.
• Clipboard: Displays the contents of the Office clipboard.
• Font: Changes the font type and size of text.
• Bold: Applies bold formatting to selected text.
• Italics: Applies italic formatting to selected text.
• Underline: Applies underline formatting to selected text.

12. What is the Bottom Border?

Applies a border to the bottom edge of the currently selected cells.

13. What is Fill Color?

Colors the background of selected cells.

14. What is Font Color?

Changes the color of text within selected cells.

15. What is Font Formatting?

Applies various stylistic options to text, such as font type, size, and effects.

16. What is Top Align?

Aligns text to the top edge of the cell.

17. What is Wrap Text?

Makes all content visible within a cell by wrapping it onto multiple lines, adjusting row height as needed.

18. What is Merge & Center?

Combines selected cells into one larger cell and centers the content. This is often used for creating labels that span multiple columns.

Pascal Programming Basics

How to Structure a Pascal Program

A basic Pascal program structure includes:

• Program declaration
• Begin and End. blocks for the main program
• Write for outputting text
• Read for inputting data
• Conditional statements like If...Then...Else
• Selection statements like Case

What is a Procedure?

A procedure is a subprogram that performs a specific task and can manage input, output, and data processing without necessarily returning a value.

What is a Function?

A function is a subprogram that performs a specific task and returns a single value to the calling program.

What is a Parameter?

A parameter is a variable used to pass values into or out of a procedure or function, allowing for flexible and reusable code.