Essential English Vocabulary, Verbs, and Passive Voice

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Review

Shopping and General Vocabulary (English to Spanish)

This list includes key terms related to shopping, commerce, and general usage. Spelling and grammatical corrections have been applied, standardizing translations to Spanish.

• make up your mind → decidirse
• credit card → tarjeta de crédito
• trial period → período de prueba
• exchanged → intercambio / cambiado
• guarantee → garantía
• price tag → etiqueta de precio
• on sale → en oferta / en venta
• receipt → recibo / tique
• discount → descuento
• cashier → cajero/a
• refunded → reembolso / reembolsado
• special offers → ofertas especiales
• charged → cobrar / cargado
• reduce → reducido
• saved up → ahorrar / ahorrado
• bargains → gangas
• cash → dinero en efectivo
• way → manera
• purchase → comprar
• beware → tener cuidado con
• shiny → brillante (Spelling corrected from 'sminy')
• jewellery → joyas (Spelling corrected from 'joyes')
• researcher → investigador (Spelling corrected from 'resarcher')
• pedestrian → peatón
• shop-window display → escaparate
• manufacture → manufactura
• height → altura (Spelling corrected from 'meight')
• according to → de acuerdo con (Spelling corrected from 'acording to')
• likely → probable (Spelling corrected from 'lickely')
• in fact → de hecho
• reported → declarado
• trust → confiar en
• brain → cerebro
• therefore → por lo tanto (Spelling corrected from 'tmerefore')
• closer to → más cerca de
• large → grande
• spend → gastar
• focusing on → enfocarse en (Grammar corrected from 'focusing to')
• chance → casualidad
• shop assistant → vendedor/a

Irregular Verbs: Infinitive, Past Simple, Past Participle

Review the conjugation of these common irregular verbs:

• bite - bit - bitten
• break - broke - broken (Past Simple corrected from 'brake')
• bring - brought - brought
• build - built - built
• choose - chose - chosen
• do - did - done
• give - gave - given
• hide - hid - hidden
• make - made - made
• pay - paid - paid
• put - put - put
• tell - told - told
• write - wrote - written

English Passive Voice Structures

The passive voice is formed using the verb to be followed by the Past Participle (V3).

Present Simple Passive

Structure: am / is / are + Past Participle (V3)

Example: The product is manufactured in Asia.

Past Simple Passive

Structure: was / were + Past Participle (V3)

Example: The mistake was reported yesterday.

Future Simple Passive

Structure: will be + Past Participle (V3)

Example: The payment will be refunded next week.