Essential English Vocabulary and Modal Verbs
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Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar
Vocabulary: Personality Adjectives
- Defensive - Defensiu
- Aggressive - Agressiu
- Assertive - Assertiu
- Confident – Confiat, segur de si mateix
- Frustrated - Frustrat
- Innocent - Innocent
- Nervous - Nerviós
- Open - Obert
- Sensitive - Sensible
- Shy - Tímid
- Self-conscious – Tímid, cohibit
- Self-aware - Conscient
- Able - Capaç
- Happy – Content, feliç
- Important - Important
- Modest - Modest
- Safe - Segur
- Generous – Generós
- Polite - Educat
Vocabulary: Related Nouns
- Defensiveness - Defensa
- Aggressiveness - Agressivitat (Correction: Aggressivity)
- Assertiveness - Assertivitat (Correction: Assertivity)
- Confidence - Confiança
- Frustration - Frustració
- Innocence - Innocència
- Nervousness - Nerviosisme
- Openness - Extroversió
- Sensitivity - Sensibilitat
- Shyness - Timidesa
- Self-consciousness – Timidesa
- Self-awareness – Consciència d’un mateix
- Ability - Abilitat
- Happiness - Felicitat
- Importance - Importància
- Modesty - Modèstia
- Safety - Seguretat
- Generosity - Generositat
- Politeness – Educació
Communication and Social Interaction
Smiling and General Terms
- Smile - Somriure (n), Somriure (v)
- Laughter – Riure (n)
- Laugh – Riure (v)
- Gesture - Gest
- Healthy - Saludable
- Feel better – Sentir-se millor
- Fake - Fals
- Weapon - Arma
Behavior and Greetings
- Behaviour - Comportament
- Behave – Comportar-se
- Politeness - Educació
- Greetings (v. to greet) - Saludar
- Shake hands – Donar-se les mans (salutació)
- Hold hands – Donar-se les mans
- High five – Picar les mans
- Fist bump – Xocar els punys
- Thumbs up – Aixecar el polze
- Wave – Saludar amb la mà
- Bow – Fer una reverència
- Hug – Abraçada
- Kiss – Petó
- Cheers! – Salut!
- Apologize – Demanar perdó
Understanding English Modal Verbs
CAN: Present Ability and Permission
- Ability (Present): I can speak English.
- Asking for Permission: Can I leave early?
COULD: Past Ability
Translation: Podia / Sabia
- Ability (Past): I could speak English when I was 4.
BE ABLE TO: Ability Across All Tenses
Translation: Poder / Ser capaç de
- Ability (All Tenses): I will be able to speak English in one year.
MAY: Formal Permission and Possibility
- Asking for Permission (Formal): May I smoke?
- Possibility: I may go to London next weekend.
MIGHT: Lower Possibility
Translation: Podria ser que (No n’estem segurs)
- Possibility: I might go to London next weekend. / It might rain this afternoon.
MUST: Obligation (Present/Near Future) and Prohibition
Translation: Haver de
- Obligation: I must go to the dentist tomorrow.
- Prohibition (MUSTN’T): Prohibit!
HAVE TO: Obligation (All Tenses)
Translation: Haver de
- Obligation (All Tenses): Everybody has to pay taxes.
DON'T HAVE TO: Lack of Obligation
Translation: No caldrà que
- Lack of Obligation: You don’t have to do exercise A.
SHOULD / SHOULDN'T: Advice
Translation: Hauries de (Consells)
- Advice: You should study more. / You shouldn't worry.
Modal Perfects: Past Speculation and Regret
Structure: Modal + have + Past Participle
Used to talk about past events, often expressing regret or speculation.
Example:
- That movie was amazing. You should have watched it!