Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Review

Vocabulary

• Accent - acento
• Citizenship - nacionalidad
• Demand - exigir, requerir
• Law - ley
• Citizens - ciudadano
• Force - obligar
• Government - gobierno
• Proposal - propuesta
• Prove - demostrar
• Typical - típico
• Trendy - de moda
• Quiet - tranquilo
• Noisy - ruidoso
• Appearance - aspecto físico
• Painful - doloroso
• Hardship - problema
• Aware - consciente
• Light-skinned - piel clara
• Tease - burlarse
• Lucky break - suerte
• Pretty curly - bonito rizado
• Good looking - guapo

Text Analysis

Redefining British Culture

True or False:

1. True (lines 1-2)
2. False (lines 5-6)
3. True (lines 8, 9, 10)
4. False (lines 11)
5. False (lines 14)

Inner Beauty: Can We Really See It?

1. People sometimes judge others based on their physical appearance.
2. 1. b
   2. a
3. 1. She experienced being judged.
   2. Because of how she looked.
   3. He is able to see a person.

The Fringe

1. 1. Lines one and two
   2. Lines six and seven
   3. Lines fifteen and sixteen
2. 1. Has hosted visitors every August.
   2. Is also a popular place to look for new performers.
   3. Large audience because it is inexpensive.
3. 1. False (lines 2-3)
   2. True (lines 7-8) Anyone who can pay can have a show.
   3. False (The first shows started in the late 40s as just a few theatre performances, lines 13, 14)
4. 1. Press
   2. Spotted
   3. Appearance
   4. Latter

Grammar: Present Simple

The verb is normal, but in the 3rd person -s (he, she, it). In the negative form: don't or doesn't + verb. In interrogative form: do/does.

Uses: Temporal expressions (always, usually, in the morning, on Sundays).

Grammar: Present Continuous

am/are/is + -ing. Negative: am not/aren't/isn't + -ing. Interrogative: e.g., are you...?

Uses: Temporal expressions (now, at the moment, this year, this evening, tonight, tomorrow).

Grammar: Past Simple

Affirmative: -ed. Negative: didn't + verb. Interrogative: did you...?

Uses: (yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1905, when, then).

Grammar: Past Continuous

Affirmative: was/were + verb. Negative: wasn't/weren't + verb. Interrogative: was + (you, he...).

Uses: (when, while, as).

Grammar: Present Perfect Simple

Affirmative: have/has + verb (-ed). Negative: haven't/hasn't + verb (-ed). Interrogative: have/has + verb (-ed) (have you...).

Uses: (ever, never, just, yet, recently, lately, already, in recent years, for, since, how long?...)

Grammar: Past Perfect Simple

Affirmative: had + past participle (eat > eaten). Negative: hadn't + past participle. Interrogative: (had you eaten...).

Uses: (by the time, after, before, until, never, just)