Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Notes
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English Vocabulary and Grammar Notes
Health and Fitness Vocabulary
- Disease: enfermedad
- Endurance: resistencia
- Mood: humor
- Pressure: presión
- Self-discipline: autodisciplina
- Sign: síntoma
- Trainer: entrenador
Health and Fitness Verbs & Phrases
- Avoid: evitar
- Break up: romper / disolver
- Chase: perseguir
- Come down with: coger una enfermedad
- Cut down on: reducir el consumo de
- Deal with: ocuparse de
- Enable: permitir
- Get over: recuperarse de
- Give up: rendirse
- Improve: mejorar
- Injure: lesionar
- Kick in: empezar a hacer efecto
- Last: durar
- Put on: ganar peso
- Run away: huir
- Sense: sentir
- Strengthen: fortalecer
- Take up: empezar a practicar
- Warm up: calentarse
- Work out: hacer ejercicio
Health and Fitness Adjectives
- Exhausted: agotado
- Fed up with: harto de
- Miserable: triste
- Nutritious: nutritivo
- Overweight: con sobrepeso
- Sane: cuerdo
- Strenuous: intenso
- Underweight: por debajo del peso normal
Health and Fitness Expressions
- Catch a cold: resfriarse
- Get fit: ponerse en forma
- Get in shape: ponerse en forma
- Get out of breath: quedarse sin aliento
- Get rid of: eliminar
- Go for a walk: dar un paseo
- Go on a diet: ponerse a dieta
- Lift weights: hacer pesas
- Out of shape: en mala forma
- Overdo it: pasarse con
- Set a goal: fijar un objetivo
Education Vocabulary
- Bulletin board: tabla de anuncios
- Notice board: tabla de anuncios
- Caretaker: conserje
- Janitor: conserje
- Cheating: copiar / hacer trampas
- Courage: valentía
- Curriculum: plan de estudios
- Discovery: descubrimiento
- Elementary/Primary school: escuela primaria
- Fee/Tuition: tasa / matrícula
- Fur: pelo (de animal)
- Headteacher/Principal: director
- High/Secondary school: instituto
- Schedule: calendario / horario
Education Verbs & Phrases
- Achieve: conseguir
- Attend: asistir
- Cheat: copiar / hacer trampas
- Drop out: abandonar (estudios)
- Encourage: animar
- Enrol: matricularse
- Expect: esperar
- Figure out: darse cuenta / resolver
- Make up: inventarse
- Motivate: motivar
- Record: grabar
- Revise: repasar
- Skip: saltarse
- Speak up: dar la opinión / hablar más alto
- Stand up for: defender
- Trick: engañar
- Wipe out: exterminar
Education Adjectives & Expressions
- Brand new: nuevo a estrenar
- Compulsory: obligatorio
- Illiterate: analfabeto
- Optional: opcional
- Ridiculous: ridículo
- Get into trouble: meterse en problemas
- Let off the hook: dejar en paz / librarse
- No trace of: ni rastro de
- Pay attention: prestar atención
English Grammar Notes
Passive Voice Transformations
- Present Simple: examines - is examined
- Present Continuous: is examining - is being examined
- Past Simple: examined - was examined
- Past Continuous: was examining - was being examined
- Future Simple: will examine - will be examined
- Modals (e.g., should): should examine - should be examined
- Modals (e.g., must): must examine - must be examined
- Present Perfect Simple: has examined - has been examined
- Past Perfect Simple: had examined - had been examined
- Future Perfect Simple: will have examined - will have been examined
- Semi-modals (e.g., has to): has to examine - has to be examined
- Semi-modals (e.g., is going to): is going to examine - is going to be examined
Indirect Speech Transformations (Common)
- Present Simple -> Past Simple: takes -> took
- Present Continuous -> Past Continuous: is taking -> was taking
- Past Simple -> Past Perfect Simple: took -> had taken
- Past Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous: was taking -> had been taking
- Present Perfect Simple -> Past Perfect Simple: has taken -> had taken
- Present Perfect Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous: has been taking -> had been taking
- Past Perfect Simple -> Past Perfect Simple: had taken -> had taken
- Past Perfect Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous: had been taking -> had been taking
- Future Simple -> Conditional: will take -> would take
Relative Pronouns
- WHO/THAT: for people
- WHICH/THAT: for objects
- WHEN/THAT: for time
- WHERE: for place
- WHOSE: for possession