Essential English Vocabulary, Grammar, and Digital Literacy
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Key Vocabulary: English and Spanish Equivalents
This section provides essential vocabulary related to social issues, actions, and digital communication.
Social Issues and Economic Terms
- Hunger - Hambre
- Inequality - Desigualdad
- Shelter - Refugio
- Slum - Barrio bajo
- Unemployment - Sin trabajo / Desempleo
- Wage - Sueldo
Verbs and Actions
- Bother - Molestar
- Charge - Cargo
- Drop out - Abandonar
- Overcome - Superar
- Rush (over) - Prisa sobre
- Go on strike - Ponerse en huelga
- Make sure - Asegurarse
- Support a cause - Apoyar una causa
- Take action - Tomar medidas
- Reject - Rechazar
- Remove - Eliminar
- Update - Actualizar
- Get rid of - Deshacerse de
- Accomplish - Lograr
- Disappoint - Decepcionar
- Grow up - Crecer
- Hang out - Pasar el rato
- Misunderstand - Malinterpretar
- Rise - Subir
- Wander - Andar sin rumbo
Nouns and Adjectives
- Elderly - Anciano
- Unlike - Contrario a
- Employer - Empresario
- Inbox - Bandeja de entrada
- Request - Solicitud
- Wall - Muro
- Annoying - Molesto
- Truthful - Sincero
- Privacy settings - Configuración de privacidad
- Belief - Fe
- Climber - Escalador
- Misconception - Idea equivocada
- Schedule - Horario
- Open-minded - Abierto de mente
- Culture shock - Choque cultural
- Involved in - Involucrado en
- Leisure time - Tiempo libre
Key English Grammar Structures
Modals and Semi-Modals
- Should - Debería
- Must - Deber
- May/Might - Puede que
- Ought to - Deberías…
Conditional Sentences
Rules for expressing hypothetical situations:
- First Conditional: If + Verb (Present Simple), Will + Verb (Base Form)
- Second Conditional: If + Verb (Past Simple), Would + Verb (Base Form)
- Third Conditional: If + Had + Verb (Past Participle), Would + Have + Verb (Past Participle)
Time Clauses
Common conjunctions:
- As soon as
- By the time
- The moment (that)
- When…
Passive Voice
Structure: To Be + Verb (Past Participle)
Relative Clauses
- Defining: No commas, provides essential information, can sometimes be omitted.
- Non-Defining: Uses commas, provides extra information, cannot be omitted.
Social Media: Impact, Privacy, and Awareness
Social websites have become a very important part of our lives. A lot of people start their day by checking their Facebook page. This is especially true for young people.
Of course, social websites can be useful to get news first-hand, to contact people with whom you lost touch, or to ask for help. But, as usual, there is another side to the model:
The Business of Private Data
We have to remember that social websites are prosperous businesses. That is why we have to keep in mind that our private information is someone else's business, because they sell our private data and they follow us everywhere.
Mental Health and Online Opinions
On the other hand, some people can suffer from depression due to other people's opinions. It is very dangerous to display your life on these websites, because you never know who is going to leave a comment.
Conclusion
All in all, Facebook is good fun, but everyone has to be careful when using it.