Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Cheat Sheet
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English Vocabulary and Expressions
General Vocabulary
- Referee: Árbitro
- Overhead: Oír por casualidad
- Flee: Huir
- Buried: Enterrar
- Nodded: Asentir con la cabeza
- Cheered: Animar
- Grateful: Agradecido
- Self-centred: Egocéntrico
- Fake: Fingir
Common Expressions
- Nothing to do with: No tiene nada que ver
- Get to: Tener oportunidad
- Settled for: Conformarse
- Take a break: Hacer un descanso
Family and Relationships
- Sibling: Hermano/a
- Cousin: Primo/a
- Single: Soltero/a
- An only child: Hijo único
- Niece: Sobrina
- Nephew: Sobrino
- Widow: Viuda
- Relative: Pariente
- Great-grandfather: Bisabuelo
- Brother-in-law: Cuñado
- Spouse: Marido o mujer
- Engaged: Comprometido
- Pregnant: Embarazada
- Inherit: Heredar
- Jealous: Celoso
- Bond: Vínculo
- Raised: Criado
Phrasal Verbs: Relationships
- Turn into: Convertirse en
- Fight back: Defender
- Break up: Romper relación
- Grown apart: Distanciarse
- Get along: Llevarse bien
- Look up to: Admirar
- Take after: Parecerse
- Live up to: Estar a la altura
Consumerism and Shopping
Vocabulary
- Pastime: Pasatiempo
- Belongings: Pertenencias
- Ready-made: Precocinado
- Miserable: Triste
- Brand: Marca
- Shopkeeper: Tendero
- Gear: Equipo
- Debts: Deuda
- Consumerism: Consumismo
- Stuff: Cosas
- Bonfire: Hoguera
- Gadget: Artilugio
- Nag: Fastidiar
- Benefit: Beneficio
- Tease: Burlarse
Shopping Terms
- Discount: Rebaja
- Sweatshop: Fábrica
- Refund: Reembolso
- Exchange: Devolver
- Receipt: Ticket
- Carry: Comercializar
- Price conscious: Tener conciencia de precios
- Afford: Permitirse económicamente
- Splurge: Derrochar
- Outlet: Tienda de fábrica
- Price tag: Etiqueta de precio
- Overpriced: Muy caro
- Merchandise: Mercancías
Shopping Expressions
- Free of charge: Gratis
- Free trial: Muestra gratis
- Get rid of: Librarse de
- Go out of business: Quiebra
- On sale: Rebajado
- Out of bounds: Zona prohibida
Collocations: Do, Make, Pay
- DO: Business with, more harm than good, one’s best, one’s duty, someone a favour, the shopping.
- MAKE: A deal, a living, mistake, a statement, an effort, an excuse, friends.
- PAY: A debt, a fortune, attention, someone a compliment, someone a visit, the bills, the price.
Grammar Essentials
Relative Clauses
Who (people), Which (not people), Where, When, Whose (cuyo). Omission: who, whom, which + subject (no commas).
Conditionals
- Always true: If (present) + Main (present)
- Probable: If (present) + Main (future, will do)
- Imaginary/Contrary to reality: If (past simple) + Main (would do)
- Past situation: If (had + 3rd form) + Main (would have + 3rd form)
- Wish: Present (past simple), Past (had + 3rd form), Future (would/could + infinitive)