Essential English Vocabulary and Conditional Sentences

Geographical Vocabulary: Water, Land, and Urban Areas

Water and Sea Terms

• Beach
• Coast (Note: Original had 'cost', corrected to 'coast')
• Coastline
• Glacier
• Coral Reef
• Tide (Portuguese: maré)
• Source (Portuguese: fonte)
• Wave (Portuguese: onda)

Land, Hills, and Mountains

• Desert
• Vegetation
• Peak (Portuguese: pico)
• Plateau (Portuguese: planalto)
• Reef
• Cliff
• Ridge (Portuguese: cume)

Agriculture and Rural Land

• Vegetation
• Fertile
• Irrigation
• Land
• Trees
• Seeds

Towns and Cities

• Pollution
• Conurbation
• Industrialized (Corrected spelling)
• Congestion
• Underdeveloped (Portuguese: em desenvolvimento)
• Urban Sprawl (Portuguese: expansão urbana)
• Densely-populated (Corrected spelling and hyphenation)

English Grammar: Understanding Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences, or If-Clauses, are used to express hypothetical situations and their consequences. There are three main types:

Type 1: Real Conditionals (Possible Future)

• Structure: If + Simple Present, Will-Future
• Formula: If + V(s), will + V(infinitive)
• Example: If it rains, we will stay at home.

Type 2: Unreal Conditionals (Hypothetical Present/Future)

• Structure: If + Simple Past, Conditional (Would + Infinitive)
• Formula: If + V(ed), would + V(infinitive)
• Example: If you studied harder, you would get better marks in your tests.

Type 3: Past Unreal Conditionals (Impossible Past)

• Structure: If + Past Perfect, Conditional II (Would + Have + Past Participle)
• Formula: If + had + V(pp), would + have + V(pp)
• Example: If you had helped us, we would have finished the work in next to no time.

Vocabulary for Complaints and Errors

What Has Gone Wrong?

Common terms used to describe problems, damages, or mistakes:

• Broken: Partido
• Delayed: Atrasado
• Misinformed: Mal informado
• Poisoned: Envenenado
• Short-changed: Pequena mudança
• Bumped: Esbarrou
• Diverted: Desviado
• Mugged: Assaltado
• Re-routed: Reencaminhado
• Burnt: Queimado
• Double-booked: Duplamente reservado (Corrected spelling)
• Opened: Aberto
• Robbed: Roubado
• Stolen: Roubado
• Cancelled: Cancelado
• Killed: Assassinado
• Overcharged: Minimamente (Note: This translation is unusual for 'overcharged')
• Undercooked: Mal cozido
• Damaged: Estragado
• Overcooked: Cozido demais

My Dream Destination: French Polynesia

My dream destination for a vacation is French Polynesia. I am drawn there because I love the beach and the opportunity to learn about new cultures, meet new people, and experience different ways of life. The capital is Papeete, located on Tahiti.

French Polynesia has several islands, but the island I truly wish to visit is Bora Bora, which is the primary choice for many tourists.

I hope one day to travel to this country I have always dreamed of visiting. Despite the great distance, I believe that through effort, humility, respect, and hard work, I will eventually get there.