Essential English Language Skills

English Grammar

Verb Tenses

Present Simple

I/You know/He/She/It knows

I don't know

Do I know?

Present Continuous

I am watching

I am not watching

Are you watching?

Past Simple

I knew/He watched

I didn't know/He didn't watch

Did you know?

Past Continuous

I was watching

I wasn't watching

Was I watching?

Past Perfect Simple

I had watched

I hadn't watched

Had I watched?

Present Perfect Simple

You have watched

You haven't watched

Have you watched?

Present Perfect Continuous

I have been watching

I haven't been watching

Have you been watching?

Future Perfect

You will have watched

You won't have watched

Will you have watched?

Future Continuous

You will be watching

You won't be watching

Will you be watching?

Comparatives and Superlatives

For one-syllable words, add -er for comparative and -est for superlative (e.g., old, older, oldest).

For words with more than one syllable, use more for comparative and most for superlative (e.g., Dan is more attractive, Dan is the most attractive).

Irregular forms: worse, worst.

Going To and Will

Going to is used for expressing intentions (e.g., I am going to study Italian) and making predictions based on evidence (e.g., Look at the clouds, it's going to rain).

Will is used for general predictions based on opinions (e.g., I'm sure Andy will come), promises, requests, and threats (e.g., I'll give you a new bike; Will you open that window, please?).

Use going to for something certain and will for something less certain.

Vocabulary

Adjectives

• Comfortable
• Ecological
• Energy-efficient
• Expensive
• Luxurious
• Safe
• Ugly

Nouns

• Device
• Household appliance
• Power supply
• Warmth
• Wire
• Heat
• Carpet
• Suburbs

Adverbs

• Angrily
• Carefully
• Late
• Well

House Types

• Apartment
• Log cabin
• Bedsit
• Houseboat
• Block of flats
• Mansion
• Bungalow
• Semi-detached
• Cottage
• House
• Detached house
• Terraced house

House and Garden

• Attic
• Patio
• Balcony
• Porch
• Ceiling
• Shed
• Garage
• Stairs
• Hall
• Study
• Lawn
• Spare room
• Lounge
• Wall

Building Materials

• Brick
• Steel
• Glass
• Stone
• Marble
• Wood

Home Technology

• Air conditioning
• Energy-efficient
• Automatic feeder
• Household appliance
• Central heating
• Keypad

Home Entertainment

• Digital TV
• Surround sound
• Plasma screen
• Wireless technology
• Remote control

Security Devices

• Alarm
• Security camera
• Sensor