Essential English Irregular Verbs List for Mastery

Mastering irregular verbs is crucial for fluency in English. Unlike regular verbs, which form their past simple and past participle by adding "-ed," irregular verbs follow unique patterns. This comprehensive list provides the base form, past simple, and past participle for common irregular verbs, helping you to learn and remember them effectively.

Common Irregular Verb Forms

Below is a detailed reference of frequently used irregular verbs. Pay close attention to the distinct forms for the past simple and past participle.

• Be: was/were, been
• Become: became, become
• Begin: began, begun
• Break: broke, broken
• Bring: brought, brought
• Build: built, built
• Buy: bought, bought
• Can: could, (no past participle)
• Catch: caught, caught
• Choose: chose, chosen
• Come: came, come
• Cost: cost, cost
• Cut: cut, cut
• Do: did, done
• Drink: drank, drunk
• Drive: drove, driven
• Eat: ate, eaten
• Fall: fell, fallen
• Find: found, found
• Fly: flew, flown
• Forget: forgot, forgotten
• Get: got, got (or gotten)
• Give: gave, given
• Go: went, gone
• Grow: grew, grown
• Have: had, had
• Hear: heard, heard
• Hit: hit, hit
• Keep: kept, kept
• Know: knew, known
• Learn: learned/learnt, learned/learnt
• Leave: left, left
• Lend: lent, lent
• Let: let, let
• Lose: lost, lost
• Make: made, made
• Meet: met, met
• Pay: paid, paid
• Put: put, put
• Read: read, read
• Ring: rang, rung
• Run: ran, run
• Say: said, said
• See: saw, seen
• Sell: sold, sold
• Send: sent, sent
• Shut: shut, shut
• Sing: sang, sung
• Sit: sat, sat
• Sleep: slept, slept
• Speak: spoke, spoken
• Spend: spent, spent
• Stand: stood, stood
• Steal: stole, stolen
• Swim: swam, swum
• Take: took, taken
• Teach: taught, taught
• Tell: told, told
• Throw: threw, thrown
• Understand: understood, understood
• Wake: woke, woken
• Wear: wore, worn
• Win: won, won
• Write: wrote, written