Essential English Irregular Verbs and Grammar Rules

English Irregular Verbs List

• B: Be (Was/Were, Been) - Ser/Estar; Become (Became, Become) - Llegar a ser; Begin (Began, Begun) - Empezar; Bite (Bit, Bitten) - Morder/Picar; Break (Broke, Broken) - Romper; Bring (Brought, Brought) - Traer; Build (Built, Built) - Construir; Burn (Burnt, Burnt) - Quemar; Buy (Bought, Bought) - Comprar
• C: Can (Could) - Poder/Saber; Catch (Caught, Caught) - Coger; Choose (Chose, Chosen) - Escoger; Come (Came, Come) - Llegar; Cost (Cost, Cost) - Costar; Cut (Cut, Cut) - Cortar
• D: Do (Did, Done) - Hacer; Draw (Drew, Drawn) - Dibujar; Drink (Drank, Drunk) - Beber; Drive (Drove, Driven) - Conducir
• E: Eat (Ate, Eaten) - Comer
• F: Fall (Fell, Fallen) - Caer; Feed (Fed, Fed) - Alimentar; Feel (Felt, Felt) - Sentir; Fight (Fought, Fought) - Luchar; Find (Found, Found) - Encontrar; Fly (Flew, Flown) - Volar; Forget (Forgot, Forgotten) - Olvidar; Freeze (Froze, Frozen) - Congelar
• G: Get (Got, Got) - Tener; Get up (Got up, Got up) - Levantarse; Give (Gave, Given) - Dar; Go (Went, Gone) - Ir; Grow (Grew, Grown) - Crecer/Cultivar
• H: Have (Had, Had) - Tener; Hide (Hid, Hidden) - Esconder; Hit (Hit, Hit) - Golpear; Hurt (Hurt, Hurt) - Herir
• K: Keep (Kept, Kept) - Guardar; Know (Knew, Known) - Saber
• L: Learn (Learnt, Learnt) - Aprender; Leave (Left, Left) - Abandonar; Lend (Lent, Lent) - Prestar; Let (Let, Let) - Dejar; Lose (Lost, Lost) - Perder
• M: Make (Made, Made) - Hacer; Mean (Meant, Meant) - Significar; Meet (Met, Met) - Quedar
• P: Pay (Paid, Paid) - Pagar; Put (Put, Put) - Poner
• R: Read (Read, Read) - Leer; Ride (Rode, Ridden) - Montar; Ring (Rang, Rung) - Sonar; Run (Ran, Run) - Correr
• S: Say (Said, Said) - Decir; See (Saw, Seen) - Ver; Sell (Sold, Sold) - Vender; Shine (Shone, Shone) - Brillar; Shoot (Shot, Shot) - Disparar; Shut (Shut, Shut) - Cerrar; Sing (Sang, Sung) - Cantar; Sit (Sat, Sat) - Sentarse; Sleep (Slept, Slept) - Dormir; Speak (Spoke, Spoken) - Hablar; Spell (Spelt, Spelt) - Deletrear; Spend (Spent, Spent) - Pasar el tiempo; Split up (Split up, Split up) - Romper; Stand (Stood, Stood) - Estar de pie; Steal (Stole, Stolen) - Robar; Swim (Swam, Swum) - Nadar; Swing (Swung, Swung) - Columpiarse
• T: Take (Took, Taken) - Tomar; Teach (Taught, Taught) - Enseñar; Throw (Threw, Thrown) - Lanzar
• U: Understand (Understood, Understood) - Entender
• W: Wake (Woke, Woken) - Despertarse; Wear (Wore, Worn) - Llevar puesto; Win (Won, Won) - Ganar; Write (Wrote, Written) - Escribir

Reported Speech Rules

Reported speech involves shifting tenses and pronouns:

• Present Simple → Past Simple
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
• Will → Would
• Can → Could
• Must/Have to → Had to
• May → Might
• Time/Place: Here → There; This/These → That/Those; Today → That day; Last week → The week before; Tomorrow → The next/following day
• Pronouns: I/We → He/She/They; My/Our → His/Her/Their

Third Conditional

Structure: If + Past Perfect, Subject + Would Have + Past Participle (3rd column).