Essential English Grammar Reference

Past Simple

Affirmative

I/you/he/she/it/we/they watched. Translation: I watched.

Negative

I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't watch.

Interrogative

Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they watch?

Past Continuous

Affirmative

I/he/she/it was watching Translation: I was watching.

we/they/you were watching

Negative

I/he/she/it wasn't watching

we/they/you weren't watching

Present Simple

Affirmative

I/you/we/they play Translation: I play

he/she/it plays

Negative

I/you/we/they don't play

he/she/it doesn't play

Present Continuous

Affirmative

I am reading Translation: I am reading

He/she/it is reading

we/they/you are reading

Negative

I am not reading

He/she/it isn't reading

we/they/you aren't reading

Present Perfect

Affirmative

I/you/we/they have finished Translation: I have finished

he/she/it has finished

Negative

I/you/we/they haven't finished

He/she/it hasn't finished

Using "Just"

Affirmative: (Used to talk about an action that has just happened)

I have just seen Brian with another girl.

Using "Already" and "Yet"

Already (Used in affirmative sentences to talk about actions that have already finished)

We've already done our homework - We have already finished our homework.

Yet (Used in negative and interrogative sentences to talk about events that haven't happened yet)

They haven't seen Ted yet. - They haven't seen Ted yet.

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Vocabulary

Adjectives (Theme 3)

• Ancient/old - Old, antiquated
• Boiling/hot - Boiling, hot
• Enormous/big - Enormous, big
• Good/Excellent - Good, excellent
• Filthy/dirty - Filthy, dirty
• Freezing/cold - Freezing, cold
• Furious/angry - Angry, furious
• Exhausted/tired - Exhausted, tired
• Gorgeous/pretty - Gorgeous, beautiful
• Astonished/surprised - Astonished, surprised
• Awful/bad - Awful, bad
• Fascinating/interesting - Fascinating, interesting
• Miserable/sad - Miserable, sad
• Starving/hungry - Starving, hungry

Landscapes

• Factory
• River
• Farm
• Village
• Field
• Wood/forest
• Hill
• Housing estate/Urbanization
• Lake
• Motorway
• Pavement/Sidewalk
• Block of flats/Building
• Bridge
• Building/Roof
• Cottage/Country house

Human Body

• Heart
• Skin
• Tongue
• Ankle
• Throat
• Blood
• Bone
• Brain
• Hip
• Lungs

Clothes

• Bracelet
• Ring
• Cardigan
• Sandals
• Earrings
• Trainers/Sneakers
• Flip-flops
• High heels
• Leggings
• Necklace
• Tracksuit bottoms