Essential English Grammar and Automotive Terminology

English Grammar Essentials for Technical Communication

Past Simple Tense

Regular Verbs

• Affirmative (+): Infinitive + -ed (e.g., walked)
• Negative (-): Did not (didn't) + Infinitive (e.g., didn't walk)
• Interrogative (?): Did + Subject + Infinitive? (e.g., Did you walk?)

Irregular Verbs

• Affirmative (+): Irregular Verb (Past Form) (e.g., go/went)
• Negative (-): Subject + Did not (didn't) + Infinitive (e.g., He didn't go)
• Interrogative (?): Did + Subject + Infinitive? (e.g., Did she go?)

Future Simple Tense

• Affirmative (+): Will + Infinitive (e.g., will work)
• Negative (-): Will not (won't) + Infinitive (e.g., won't work)
• Interrogative (?): Will + Subject + Infinitive? (e.g., Will they work?)

Future with "Be Going To"

• Affirmative (+): Am/Is/Are + Going To + Infinitive (e.g., I am going to fix)
• Negative (-): Am/Is/Are + Not + Going To + Infinitive (e.g., He is not going to fix)
• Interrogative (?): Am/Is/Are + Subject + Going To + Infinitive? (e.g., Are you going to fix?)

Present Continuous Tense

• Structure: Verb To Be (Am/Is/Are) + Verb -ing (e.g., I am working)

Imperative Mood

• Affirmative (+): Infinitive Verb (e.g., Close the door)
• Negative (-): Don't + Infinitive Verb (e.g., Don't touch that)
• Usage Notes:
  • Quantifiers: some, any
  • Sequence words: first, next, then, after that, finally

Recommendations and Suggestions (Using "Let's")

• Affirmative (+): Let's + Infinitive Verb (e.g., Let's check the engine)
• Negative (-): Let's Not + Infinitive Verb (e.g., Let's not delay)

Essential Automotive and Mechanical Vocabulary

Common Vehicle Issues

• Flat tire
• Low tire pressure
• Worn out tire
• Dead battery
• Broken car electric window
• Broken indicators
• Need to replace bulbs
• Hole in the exhaust pipe
• Oil leaks
• Dirty fuel filter
• Overheating (escalfament)

Vehicle Components and Areas

• Roof (teulada)
• Rough ground (e.g., after an accident)

Types of Vehicles

• Articulated truck / Lorry
• Tractor
• Jeep
• Breakdown truck
• Pick-up truck
• Van
• Forklift truck

Common Actions

• Drive
• Lift
• Move
• Push
• Pull
• Turn

Small Parts and Fasteners

• Bolts
• Screws
• Washers
• Nuts
• Nails
• Rings
• Valves

Vehicle Parts and Systems

• Tires
• Brake pads
• Brake shoes
• Wheels
• Brakes
• Air filter
• Fuel filter
• Oil filter
• Fuses
• Light bulbs
• Batteries
• Fluids (general)
• Brake fluid
• Engine oil
• Radiator fluid
• Windscreen wash
• Gasoline filter
• Gears
• Alternator
• Clutch disk
• Shock absorbers
• Ceramic disc brakes
• Brake cylinder
• Pistons and crankshaft
• Windscreen wiper
• Turbo
• Exhaust pipe
• Starter
• Spark plug
• Fuel injector
• Diesel injector
• Gear lever
• Seat
• Steering wheel
• Distribution (e.g., timing belt/chain)