Essential Economic and Geographical Terms Defined

Classified in Geography

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Industrial and Business Landscapes

Industrial sites and urban industrial landscapes, characterized by buildings, factories, and heavy industry (such as refineries and shipyards), are typically located in areas planned by authorities on the outskirts of cities and along main roads.

Business parks and technology parks (also known as science parks) feature very modern business environments with avant-garde architecture, surrounded by extensive parkland. These areas are dedicated to high-tech activities and research.

Urban Landscape

A landscape densely occupied by buildings of different heights and streets of varied width, where economic activities are primarily from secondary economic sectors and service industries.

Culture Plot

A technical unit of agricultural labor and an elementary division of agricultural land, typically occupied by a single kind of crop.

Fishing Moratorium Unemployment (Paro Biológico)

A situation for workers engaged in fishing where they temporarily lose their jobs due to the biological need for fish stock recovery.

Technology Park

A designated area where companies from technology sectors focus, and where research work plays a significant role.

Sea Fishing

  • Deep Sea Fishing

    Sea fishing conducted out of sight of land, typically more than 60 miles offshore.

  • Inshore Fishing

    Sea fishing that takes place near the coast, within less than 60 miles of land.

Continental Shelf

The part of a continent that is submerged in the sea, extending gradually and variably from the coastline.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP)

  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

    The sum of value added in the production processes of goods and services within a country for a specific period, usually one year.

  • Gross National Product (GNP)

    A term used in economics to reflect the monetary value of the annual flow of goods and services.

Polyculture

The cultivation of various plant species on the same farm.

Public Deficit (Audience)

In economic terms, this is the negative difference between income and expenditure recorded by a public administration over a period of time.

Offshoring

The practice of shifting some production or manufacturing lines to other territories, also known as industrial relocation beyond national borders.

Currency

The money system of a country, viewed in relation to other currencies. The term is also used to designate all payments made in foreign currency.

Alternative and Renewable Energy

Energy sources that have a continuous regeneration and are inexhaustible, though they may experience fluctuations in intensity. Types include:

  • Solar energy
  • Wind energy
  • Hydro energy
  • Geothermal energy
  • Tidal energy
  • Biomass energy

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