Essential Definitions: Trade, Economy, and Sustainable Tourism

Essential Economic Concepts

The Tertiary Sector and Services

Services are activities that do not produce material goods but are essential for the development of other economic activities and for meeting many needs of the population.

The tertiary sector comprises a variety of activities related to the provision and distribution of services.

Post-Industrial Society Defined

In a post-industrial society, this sector generates the bulk of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs more than half of the workforce.

Understanding the Welfare State

The Welfare State is the state that guarantees access to education, health, and allowances for sickness, disability, unemployment, and retirement through social security contributions paid by the population.

Global and Domestic Trade Dynamics

Domestic Trade and Its Types

Domestic trade is the exchange of goods and services that occurs within the borders of one country. It includes two main types:

• Wholesale trade
• Retail trade

Foreign Trade: Global Exchange

Foreign trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries.

Key Global Trade Flows

The main trade flows or movements involve the following products and services:

• Energy products (e.g., oil)
• Agricultural products (e.g., cereals)
• Information and equity products
• Manufactured goods

Mechanisms of Information Exchange

Information exchange is facilitated through computers, satellites, antennas, and fiber optic cables.

Capital Trade and Multinationals

The trade in capital originates primarily from large multinational companies.

Dynamics of Trade Relations

Establishing trade relations between rich countries typically takes place in a framework of equality and benefits both parties. However, relations between rich and poor countries are often very uneven.

Socio-Economic and Environmental Terms

Land Speculation Explained

Land speculation refers to the practice of buying land in anticipation of a future price rise.

Acculturation: Cultural Loss

Acculturation is defined as the loss of one's own culture.

Air and Noise Pollution Impact

Air and noise pollution are key components of environmental impact.

Modern Tourism Concepts

Sustainable Tourism Practices

Sustainable tourism is vital for ensuring tourism activities are compatible with the environment.

Alternative Tourism Activities

Alternative tourism is an activity that is less aggressive to the environment than conventional tourism.

Ecotourism: Flora and Fauna

Ecotourism offers the possibility to visit and discover local flora and fauna.

Rural Tourism Experience

Rural tourism offers the possibility of experiencing life in the countryside.

Sports Tourism Outdoors

Sports tourism allows for practicing sports outdoors.

Adventure Tourism: Extreme Sports

Adventure tourism provides the opportunity to practice extreme sports.

Cultural Tourism and Heritage

Cultural tourism provides the ability to learn about the historical heritage of a specific site.