Essential Concepts: WWII, New Deal Policies, and Cell Biology
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20th Century History: The New Deal and World War II
The New Deal and the Great Depression
All the options below describe what the New Deal was, except:
- a. A full reform in the economic system of the United States after the Great Depression
- b. Programs interested in reactivating the economy and giving social security to people in the United States.
- c. Series of reforms conducted in the United States from 1933 to 1938.
- d. A new way of viewing economics and policy in the United States.
This was one of the most severe consequences of the Great Depression:
- a. Massive suicides as people lost everything on the stock market.
- b. Attempt of invasion by European superpowers in the United States.
- c. 25% unemployment rate across the country.
- d. Depreciation of the USD.
Key New Deal Programs Matching
Works Progress Administration (WPA) → a. Aimed to provide jobs for the unemployed during the Great Depression through government investment.
Social Security Act (SSA) → e. Introduced social insurance programs for people in need. It was the first social security program in the history of the United States.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) → c. It encouraged farmers to reduce their production to raise the price of crops. It was a direct intervention of the government in the economy.
Farm Security Act (FSA) → d. It provided loans for purchasing land and equipment, as well as funding for rural rehabilitation projects.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) → f. Participants of this program worked on reforestation, soil erosion prevention, road construction, and park maintenance.
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) → b. It established minimum wage and overtime pay and prohibited child labor.
World War II Events and Consequences
In which year did the United States enter World War II?
- a. 1941 after they received a direct attack from Japan.
- b. 1942 when the European Allies requested help.
- c. 1939 at the beginning of the war.
- d. 1945 months before the war ended.
Can the Great Depression be considered a cause of WWII?
- a. No, the Great Depression helped Germany and the Nazis to strengthen as they became an economic superpower.
- b. Yes, it can be considered a cause as many empires in Europe had to sell their colonies in Africa.
- c. No, because it happened in the United States and WWII was mainly in Europe.
- d. Yes, it was the first economic crisis that affected other countries in the world besides the one where it started, contributing to global instability.
The Neutrality Act in the United States is best described as:
- a. A regulation which declared the whole American Continent neutral in WWII.
- b. An international declaration in which the United States assumed itself as a country that could never be neutral due to its influence in the world.
- c. An international declaration of the United States to protect neutral countries.
- d. A set of laws that prevented the United States from entering international conflicts.
All of these countries were part of the Allies in WWII except:
- a. Germany
- b. France
- c. China
- d. Great Britain
Why was the attack on Pearl Harbor not as successful as the Japanese expected?
- a. Because the military base was not as strategic as the Japanese thought.
- b. Because the Allies provided an immediate response to support the United States.
- c. Because the United States discovered the plan and set a trap for the Japanese.
- d. Because although they suffered a lot of damage, the aircraft carriers were not in the Harbor during the attack.
What was the main consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
- a. The destruction of a nuclear bomb that exploded in the Pacific.
- b. A clear advantage for the Japanese army in the Pacific front.
- c. The entrance of the United States to WWII.
- d. The death of a million American soldiers, the biggest loss for the US army so far.
Why was it so important that the United States entered the war?
- a. Because after the United States entered, many American countries entered the war, marking an advantage for the Allies.
- b. Because they had the opportunity to develop nuclear weapons.
- c. Because it provided crucial support and supplies to the Allies.
- d. Because Germany used all its power to defeat the United States and lost the advantage they had in Europe.
Name the three main fronts of World War II:
- a. West, East, and Pacific
- b. American, European, and Asian
- c. West, East, and Atlantic
- d. Russian, German, and Pacific
Name the country where Normandy is located:
- a. France
- b. United States
- c. Germany
- d. Russia
The main objective of the Normandy deployment was to:
- a. Give support to the British forces to retake Europe.
- b. Display a unified military force so the Germans would retire from France.
- c. Defeat the Japanese forces in Europe.
- d. Establish beachheads on the coast of Normandy to recuperate Europe.
The Deployment in Normandy was a success. What did this mean for the Allies?
- a. A chance to retrieve some valuable objects from The Louvre as most of France was already lost to German forces.
- b. It was a direct entrance to Italy which held the key operations of the Axis powers.
- c. The opportunity to reconquer Europe and end the war in that front.
- d. The access to the secret location of Hitler to kill him.
Why did women enter the industry during WWII?
- a. Because most men were fighting in the war and there were many vacant spots in the industry.
- b. Most women entered the industry to set a precedent in women's rights.
- c. Because they were tired of being dependent on their husband's income.
- d. Because the economy changed during the war and the households needed double incomes to support their needs.
Can you name the one economic change that was not a consequence of WWII?
- a. The rise of income and inflation in the United States.
- b. The increase of the interest rates to promote savings in the population.
- c. A conversion of the economy from peacetime production to wartime production.
- d. The creation of the War Production Board.
In class we saw the Double V Campaign, which intended to diminish segregation and discrimination of African Americans in the army and in the industry. Which of the following was a consequence of this campaign?
- a. The integration of a larger number of African Americans in the military industry.
- b. It opened spaces in higher rank positions for African Americans.
- c. An intense repression of those who supported the campaign.
- d. It paved the way for the future Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.
What was the main objective of the Marshall Plan?
- a. Reconverting the economy to peacetime production after the war.
- b. Keeping the neutrality of the United States during WWII.
- c. To support the Japanese after the destruction caused by the nuclear bombs.
- d. Helping Europe with financial resources to promote economic stability and growth.
These were the two main impacts in the medical field after WWII:
- a. The creation and mass production of antibiotics and other medicines.
- b. It brought attention to diseases that were common in soldiers and prevention campaigns in the fields of battle.
- c. The use of X-rays for soldiers who were fighting and better surgery techniques to save lives.
- d. The construction of bigger health care facilities to receive all the soldiers who were injured in the war and the creation of public health systems in the United States.
All of these were social impacts of WWII except:
- a. The first signs of the Civil Rights Movement.
- b. Migration from Asia to the United States.
- c. Changes in demographics.
- d. Modification of gender roles.
Which of the following is a technological development of WWII?
- a. The invention of Wi-Fi.
- b. The submarine.
- c. The radar.
- d. The laser technology.
Name the two places where there was an environmental impact because of nuclear testing:
- a. New Mexico and Cuba.
- b. Japan and New Jersey.
- c. Washington State and the Caribbean.
- d. The Bikini Atoll and Nevada.
During WWI there was an attempt to make a global institution capable of promoting peace and development. It was called the Society of Nations (League of Nations). After WWII there was a second attempt, what was the name given to this new organization?
- a. The United Nations
- b. The Interamerican Court of Justice.
- c. The International Monetary Fund.
- d. The World Bank.
After WWII Germany was divided in two. Which countries had the most influence over these two sections of Germany?
- a. France and Great Britain.
- b. United States and the Soviet Union.
- c. China and Russia.
- d. United States and France.
After WWII the United States emerged as:
- a. The country who controlled Europe.
- b. A loser of the war and a country highly in debt.
- c. The biggest superpower in the world.
- d. A tyrant who controlled the nuclear power.
Bonus Questions (History/Economics)
All of these are parts of the STEEP analysis, except:
- a. Sociocultural
- b. Territorial
- c. Economic
- d. Political
All of these are parts of the STEEP analysis, except:
- a. Environmental
- b. Territorial
- c. Technological
- d. Political
Cellular Biology and Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission, budding, and vegetative propagation are all types of:
- A) Sexual reproduction
- B) Asexual reproduction
- C) Fertilization
- D) Pollination
During this process, a single parent cell produces two identical daughter cells simply by dividing:
- A) Sporulation
- B) Pollination
- C) Fragmentation
- D) Binary fission
During this process, a new organism grows directly on the body of the parent organism.
- A) Budding
- B) Vegetative propagation
- C) Fragmentation
- D) Binary fission
During this process, an embryo develops directly from an egg in a female organism without the need for fertilization by a male.
- A) Vegetative propagation
- B) Binary fission
- C) Parthenogenesis
- D) Pollination
During this process, spores are produced:
- A) Sporulation
- B) Pollination
- C) Vegetative propagation
- D) Seedation
It occurs when a part of a plant produces a whole new plant:
- A) Sporulation
- B) Binary fission
- C) Pollination
- D) Vegetative propagation
Type of asexual reproduction that consists of breaking an organism into pieces, and each piece then turns into a whole new identical individual.
- A) Binary division
- B) Binary fission
- C) Fragmentation
- D) Parthenogenesis
Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Division
Name of the process by which cells reproduce asexually:
- A) Parthenogenesis
- B) Mitosis
- C) Cell cycle
- D) Meiosis
What is the correct order for the phases of the cell cycle and division in mitosis?
- A) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase, cytokinesis
- B) Interphase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
- C) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
- D) Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What happens during interphase?
- a. The cell grows in size and DNA makes a copy of itself.
- b. The chromosomes align at the center.
- c. The cell divides into two.
- d. The nuclear membrane breaks down.
During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear membrane disintegrates, the centrosomes duplicate, and the spindle appears.
- A) Prophase
- B) Anaphase
- C) Metaphase
- D) Telophase
During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes are trapped by the spindle and aligned in the center of the cell.
- A) Interphase
- B) Cytokinesis
- C) Metaphase
- D) Anaphase
During this stage of mitosis, sister chromatids separate and start moving to the opposite sides of the cell.
- A) Anaphase
- B) Telophase
- C) Interphase
- D) Prophase
During this stage of mitosis, the spindle breaks down, the nuclear envelope forms again, and the cell starts dividing a bit.
- A) Telophase
- B) Interphase
- C) Anaphase
- D) Cytokinesis
Stage of mitosis where the total separation of the cell occurs:
- A) Anaphase
- B) DNA synthesis
- C) Interphase
- D) Cytokinesis
What is the end result of mitosis?
- A) Two haploid daughter cells
- B) Four haploid daughter cells
- C) Two diploid daughter cells
- D) Four diploid daughter cells
Why is mitosis important?
- A) Growth
- B) Tissue repair
- C) Cell regeneration
- D) All of them
Mitosis and meiosis have the same number of stages:
- A) True
- B) False
- C) I don’t know
- D) I wish
What is the end result of meiosis?
- A) Two diploid daughter cells
- B) Four haploid daughter cells
- C) Two haploid daughter cells
- D) Four diploid daughter cells
Mitosis Stages Summary
Interphase / Interfase – The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
(La célula crece, replica su ADN y se prepara para la división.)
Prophase / Profase – Chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
(Los cromosomas se condensan, la membrana nuclear se desintegra y se forman las fibras del huso.)
Metaphase / Metafase – Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
(Los cromosomas se alinean en el centro de la célula.)
Anaphase / Anafase – Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
(Las cromátides hermanas se separan y se dirigen a lados opuestos de la célula.)
Telophase / Telofase – Two new nuclear membranes form around the separated chromosomes.
(Se forman dos nuevas membranas nucleares alrededor de los cromosomas separados.)
Cytokinesis / Citocinesis – The cytoplasm divides, forming two identical daughter cells.
(El citoplasma se divide, formando dos células hijas idénticas.)
Why is meiosis important?
- A) It produces sex cells.
- B) For tissue repair.
- C) For growth.
- D) All of them.
What are sex cells called?
- A) Parent cells
- B) Zygote
- C) Spores
- D) Gametes
What is the cell called after fertilization?
- A) Zygote
- B) Gamete
- C) Embryo
- D) Spore
Sexual reproduction happens both in plants and animals:
- A) True
- B) I have no idea
- C) False
The female reproductive organs of plants (the pistil/carpel) are composed by:
- A) Anther, filament, pollen
- B) Stigma, style, ovary
- C) Sepals, petals
- D) Cones, seeds
The male reproductive organs of plants (the stamen) are composed by:
- A) Stigma, style
- B) Ovary, ovules
- C) Anther, filament
- D) Petals, sepals
Angiosperm plants are characterized by:
- A) Pollen
- B) Seeds
- C) Cones
- D) Flowers
Gymnosperm plants are characterized by:
- A) Cones
- B) Seeds (Note: Angiosperms also have seeds)
- C) Flowers
- D) Fruits
Pollination can occur by:
- A) Wind
- B) Water
- C) Animals (Insects, birds)
- D) All of them
Pollination happens when:
- A) The zygote is formed.
- B) Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma.
- C) The seed germinates.
- D) The pollen travels down the style and fertilizes the ovules. (Note: This describes fertilization, which follows pollination.)