Essential Concepts of Electric Circuits and Power
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Key Electrical Terminology
- Electric circuit: Circuito eléctrico
- Electric current: Corriente eléctrica
- Flow of electrons: Flujo de electrones
- Load: Carga
- Cells: Células
- Battery: Batería
- Electrochemical cell: Célula electroquímica
- Wires: Cables
- Light bulb: Bombilla
- Resistor: Resistencia
- Switch: Interruptor
- Push button: Interruptor de botón
- 3-Way switch: Interruptor de 3 salidas
- Fuse: Fusible
- Conductor: Conductor
- Insulator: Aislante
- Semiconductor: Semiconductor
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
- An electric circuit consists of a generator, a switching device, and a load.
- The amount of energy that a generator can transfer to electrons depends on its voltage (V), measured in volts (V).
Circuit Connection Types
- Series: Two or more elements are connected in series when the output of one element is the input of the next. The current flowing through all elements is the same.
- Parallel: Two or more elements are connected in parallel when they share the same input and output. The potential difference of each element is the same.
- Combination: If a circuit has some elements in series and others in parallel, it is a combination circuit.
Current, Energy, and Power
- Electric current: The charge or number of electrons that flow through the cross-section of a conductor every second. It is measured in amperes or amps (A).
- Electrical energy: The energy that keeps the electrons of a circuit in motion. Provided by a generator and consumed by loads, it is measured in joules (J).
- Electric power: The amount of energy a load can transform over time. Measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). Calculated as P = V x I.
Measurement Units
- Voltage: Measured in volts.
- Electric current: Measured in amps.
- Resistance: Measured in ohms.
- Electrical power: Energy consumed over time, measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).
