Essential Business and Finance Terminology

Charts and Graphs

• Pie chart
• Line graph
• Bar chart
• Table
• Flow chart
• Organigram

Types of Lines in Graphs

• Solid line
• Curve
• Fluctuating line
• Dotted line (puntos)
• Axis
• Undulating line
• Broken line

Describing Trends: Increase

• To increase = raise (aumentar)
• Rise = go up (subir)
• Grow
• Boom / soar / climb (remontar)
• Jump = skyrocket (dispararse)
• To reach a peak (pico)

Describing Trends: Decrease

• To decrease
• Fall
• Plunge (picado)
• Drop
• Go down
• Decline
• Collapse

Describing Trends: Stability

• To remain stable
• Stay constant
• Stabilize

Describing Trends: Leveling Off

• To level off / out = flatten out (nivelar)
• Stop or start falling / rising

Trend Modifiers: Size

• Dramatically
• Vastly
• Hugely
• Significantly
• Considerably
• Slightly (leve)

Trend Modifiers: Speed

• Substantially
• Rapidly
• Suddenly
• Gradually

Incoterms

• EXW: Ex Works (Seller’s premises) - All buyer responsibility.
• FCA: Free Carrier (Transportista gratuito)
• FAS: Free Alongside Ship (Gratis junto al barco)
• FOB: Free On Board (Gratis a bordo)
• CFR: Cost and Freight (Costo y flete)
• CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (Costo, seguro y flete)
• DDP: Delivered Duty Paid - All seller responsibility.

Human Resources and Employment

Key HR Terms

• Wages = Salary
• Allowances
• Head-hunters
• Strengths ≠ Weaknesses
• Willingness (disponible)
• Severance (indemnización despido)
• Redundancy (despido)

Employment Actions

• Applicant = Candidate
• Dismiss, fire, sack (despedir)
• Resign (dimitir)
• Recruitment
• Apply for a job
• Letter of application = Covering letter
• Application form
• To attend an interview
• To hire new employees
• Probationary period
• Recruitment agency = Search firm
• To train new staff
• To shortlist candidates
• To advertise a vacancy
• To assemble an interview (Note: 'Conduct an interview' is more common)
• To make a job offer
• To check references

Personal Attributes

• Behaviour (comportamiento)
• Successful
• Beliefs
• Knowledge (conocimiento)

Business and Economics

Business Entities and Roles

• Shopkeepers (comerciantes)
• Retailers ≠ Wholesalers
• Firms / Enterprises / Businesses / Companies / Concerns / Corporation
• Proprietor / Owner
• Proprietorship / Ownership
• Buyer ≠ Seller
• Employees / Workforce / Staff / Personnel
• Customers
• Suppliers
• Stakeholders

Financial and Economic Terms

• Goods / Products / Assets and Services
• Profits / Gains ≠ Loss
• Revenues ≠ Expenses
• Creditors ≠ Debtors
• Rewards
• Assets ≠ Liabilities
• Liquidity ≠ Bankruptcy

Business Actions and Concepts

• Take the risks
• To succeed ≠ To fail
• To split / separate ≠ Join, blend, mix