Environmental Problems and Solutions
Classified in Geology
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Ozone Depletion
Problem
Ozone hole
The ozone layer
Causes
Chemicals
- Destructive agents: Freon and similar gases used in fridges, air conditioners, aerosols, etc.
Effects
- Skin cancer
- Death of ocean plankton
- Death of crustaceans
- Reduced harvest
- Increased smog
- Destruction of the ozone layer: More ultraviolet rays with an increase in skin cancer
Solutions
Substitution/replacement of these products.
Greenhouse Effect
Problem
Greenhouse effect
Causes
- Chemicals, gases
- Deforestation
- Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, peat)
Effects
- Melting of the polar ice caps
- Increase in the world sea level
- Floods
- Changes in the world climate
- Changes in world agriculture
- Droughts (long periods of very dry weather)
- Raising of average temperatures
- Increase in the Earth's global temperature
Solutions
- Reforestation
- Energy saving
- Reducing waste and energy consumption, plus reusing products
Acid Rain
Problem
Acid rain
Causes
Emission of gases from industries and thermal power stations (combined with water in the atmosphere, they produce two acids: sulfuric and nitric)
Effects
- Destruction of vegetation (especially perennials/evergreens)
- Water acidification and death of fish and aquatic organisms
Solutions
Control of gas emissions with filters
Deforestation
Problem
The destruction of the rainforests
Causes
- Excessive tree felling
- Indiscriminate burning of trees
- Increase in desertification (the process of land becoming desert)
Effects
- Change in the climate
- Disappearance of animal and vegetable species
- Desertification
Solutions
Increase in the standard of living of affected countries
Air Pollution
Problem
Atmospheric pollution
Causes
- Industries
- Vehicles
Effects
- Water pollution
- Acid rain
- Greenhouse effect
Solutions
- Filters
- Catalysts
- Lead-free petrol
- Control of emissions of gases containing lead
Water Pollution
Problem
Water pollution
Causes
- Untreated sewage in cities and industries
- Excessive use of fertilizers
- Acid rain
Effects
- Poor quality of drinking water
- Salinity
- Death of living beings
Solutions
- Treatment plants
- Increased control
Noise Pollution
Problem
Noise pollution
Causes
- Vehicles
- Poor insulation in flats and houses
Effects
- Nervous stress
- Mental disorders
Solutions
- Increased surveillance and control
Waste Management
Problem
Waste
Causes
Human and industrial activity
Effects
- Degradation/deterioration of the landscape
- Water pollution
Solutions
Recycling
Pesticide Use
Problem
The use of pesticides
Causes
- Their indiscriminate use
- The need for large harvests
Effects
- Insect resistance
- Illnesses in human beings
- Water pollution
- Food poisoning (intoxicación alimentaria)
Solutions
- Control of the quantities used
- Promoting organic farming