Environmental Impacts and Sustainable Energy Sources

The Green Revolution

The Green Revolution refers to the significant increase in agricultural productivity achieved through the use of DDT and other pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation, and mechanization.

Overfishing

Overfishing occurs when tons of fish are caught, and fish populations are unable to reproduce quickly enough to compensate.

Sustainable Forestry in Finland

Finland has developed a science and practice of forest conservation and exploitation.

Excessive CO2 Consumption

Excessive consumption of CO2 has led to imbalances, and the effects of these imbalances are well-known. The extremely rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is often called the "hockey stick" due to its shape. This increase is primarily caused by the use of fossil fuels and cement production.

Chemical Elements and Compounds

Bricks are made up of chemical elements. Most elements are natural, while others are artificial. Chemical elements are classified according to their properties in the periodic table.

Chemical compounds are substances that cannot be separated by physical procedures. Elements and their compounds have completely different properties.

Mixtures of Materials: Alloys and Composites

Alloys are mixtures of two or more chemical elements or compounds, often created artificially. Alloys are designed to improve the physical properties of materials and adapt them for specific functions.

Composites are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. The resulting composite material has characteristics different from its individual components.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Sources

Hydroelectric Power

Hydroelectric power plants provide large amounts of water. Electricity is produced by rotating turbines. The accumulated water in reservoirs can be used for human consumption, irrigation, and to prevent dangerous floods.

Nuclear Energy

There are 435 nuclear reactors in the world, generating 17% of the world's electricity. Heat is used to boil water, and the resulting steam moves turbines to create electricity.

Wind Energy

Wind energy utilizes dynamos to convert the movement of wind turbine blades into electricity.

Solar Energy

There are two main types of solar energy: photovoltaic panels that generate electricity, and solar thermal systems that use solar power to heat water. It is an inexhaustible source of energy.

Biofuels

Biofuels are obtained from oleaginous seeds and can be used as a substitute for diesel fuel. However, their production still consumes oil.

Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen can be produced using photovoltaic panels.

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion is the energy source of the stars. It is a promising energy source because it does not produce radioactive waste.