Environmental Impact and Globalization Challenges

2.1: Impact in the Primary Sector

• Agriculture: Groundwater irrigation (depletes), chemical fertilizers (pollute), greenhouse farming (gets dirty).

2.2 Deforestation: Destruction of land and vegetation cover.

• Consequences: Soil erosion; gradual process of movement and transport of the upper layer of soil by different agents causing its deterioration in the long term.
• Loss of biodiversity; reduction in an area's biodiversity.

2.3 Overfishing: Depletes the stock of fish in a body of water by excessive fishing.

3. Atmospheric Pollution: Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, caused by human activity and natural processes.

• 3.1 Acid Rain: A form of precipitation with acid components that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. The result of this is natural damage.
• 3.2 The Ozone Problem: The thickness of the ozone layer protects us against the sun's ultraviolet rays. This thickness is affected by CFCs, which are created by foams, fridges, and aerosols. The result is that we are currently under control.
• 3.3 Smog Pollution Bell: Smog is created by smoke. It's a haze of suspended particles caused by smoke. This is due to traffic, factories, and heating. Some consequences can be respiratory problems and cardiac diseases.
• 3.4 Greenhouse Effect: A natural function that allows solar radiation to pass through and retains some of the heat radiated from the Earth's surface. It prevents heat from escaping into the outside.

Unit 7:

2.1 United Nations: An intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 after World War II. Its aim is to guarantee security, peace, and defend human rights while providing humanitarian aid. Some problems include the economic dependence of member countries, veto rights of major countries, and lack of armed forces.

• Functions: FAO (fight against hunger), UNESCO (support culture and education), WHO (coordinate global health), SED (protect children and help refugees).

2.2 G-7: An organization of the world's seven largest so-called advanced economies. They do not make political decisions but have significant influence. Members include Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the USA. Russia joined in 1998, creating the G-8, but was excluded in 2014.

2.3 BRICS: Composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, representing the five largest economies in the world in the 21st century.

3. Globalization in Today's World: Due to outsourcing, the factors of production change location. Factors of production include natural resources, capital, and labor. There is a concentration of wealth in certain developed countries, controlled by multinationals. Multinational corporations own and control the production of goods or services, while government bodies are now of secondary importance. All this generates economic instability and increases inequality. Rich countries take advantage and offshore their industries. As a result, in the world, there are more unemployment, less purchasing power, and in developing countries, people live below subsistence level.