English Vocabulary for Personality, Actions, and Conditionals

Essential English Vocabulary

Personality Vocabulary (English to Spanish)

• Innocence → Inocencia
• Sensitivity → Sensibilidad
• Shy → Tímido/a
• Self-conscious → Cohibido/a
• Confident → Seguro/a de sí mismo/a
• Frustration → Frustración
• Assertive → Asertivo/a
• Nervous → Nervioso/a
• Defensive → A la defensiva
• Openness → Apertura
• Aggressive → Agresivo/a
• Impatient → Impaciente

Actions and Gestures Vocabulary

• Wave → Saludar con la mano / Agitar la mano
• Catch their eye → Llamar su atención / Cruzar miradas
• Hold hands → Tomarse de la mano / Agarrarse de la mano
• Interrupt → Interrumpir
• Apologize → Disculparse / Pedir perdón
• Answer your mobile phone → Contestar el móvil / teléfono
• Kiss → Besar
• Touch → Tocar
• Shaking hands → Dar la mano / Estrechar la mano
• Bow → Hacer una reverencia / Inclinarse
• Queue → Hacer fila / Hacer cola

The Role of Charities Versus Government Responsibility

Charities play an important role in helping people in need, but some argue that they should not exist because it is the government's responsibility to take care of all members of society. Ideally, a government should provide for everyone, ensuring that no one is left struggling. However, in reality, governments often fail to meet all the needs of their citizens, which is why charities are necessary.

Furthermore, charities can respond quickly to crises and support those who might be overlooked by government programs. They provide food, medical care, and education to people in need, often relying on donations and volunteers. However, depending too much on charities can be problematic because they may not have enough resources to help everyone, and their support is not always consistent. A strong government welfare system would ensure that everyone receives equal support rather than relying solely on charity.

In conclusion, while the government should take responsibility for the well-being of all citizens, charities still play a vital role in filling the gaps. Until governments can fully provide for everyone, charities will remain essential in supporting those in need.

Understanding the Four English Conditionals

There are four main types of conditional sentences in English, each following a specific structure:

Zero Conditional

Used for general truths and scientific facts.

• Structure: IF + Present Simple, Present Simple
• Example: If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
• Note: Remember to add 's' to the verb in the Present Simple tense when the subject is he, she, or it.

First Conditional

Used for real and possible situations in the future.

• Structure: IF + Present Simple, WILL + Infinitive
• Example: If it rains tomorrow, we will go to the cinema.
• Note: When the subject is he, she, or it, the verb in the 'if' clause takes an 's' (e.g., go/goes, come/comes).

Second Conditional

Used for hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future.

• Structure: IF + Past Simple, WOULD + Infinitive
• Example: If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

Third Conditional

Used for hypothetical situations in the past (things that did not happen).

• Structure: IF + Past Perfect, WOULD + HAVE + Past Participle
• Example: If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.