English Vocabulary and Grammar Reference Sheet
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English Vocabulary and Grammar Reference
Relationships Vocabulary
- Acquaintance: Conegut
- (Best / Close) Friend: Friend
- Boss: Jefe
- Colleague: Col·lega
- Classmate: Company de classe
- Flatmate: Company de pis
- Neighbour: Veí
- Parent: Pares
- Step-sister / Step-brother: Germanastra
- Relative: Parent/Familiar
- (Ex-) Girlfriend: Ex-novia
Phrasal Verbs:
- Get together: Juntar-se
- Get on well: Portar-se bé
- Get in touch: Estar en contacte
Appearance and Personality Descriptors
Appearance
- Auburn: Castany (referring to hair color)
- Casual: Informal
- Clean-shaven: Ben afeitat
- Good-looking: Guapo
- Medium build: Estatura mitjana
- Medium height: Constitució mitjana
- Scruffy: Mal vestit
- Shoulder-length (hair): Cabells per l’espalla
- Skinny: Molt prim
- Slim: Prim
- Smart: Elegant
- Spiky (hair): Cabells de punta
- Stylish: Estilós
- Tanned: Bronzejat
- Wavy (hair): Ondulat
- Well-built: Constitució forta/musculosa (Note: 'grassa' usually means fat, 'well-built' implies good physique)
Personality Contrasts
Use -ing for descriptions of things/situations; use -ed for how you feel.
- Shy ↔ Outgoing
- Friendly ↔ Unfriendly
- Fun-loving ↔ Serious
- Cold ↔ Warm
- Insensitive ↔ Sensitive
- Lazy ↔ Hardworking
English Tense Rules Summary
Present Simple: Routines, Facts, and States
- +: Infinitive (+ s for he, she, it)
- -: Don’t / Doesn’t + infinitive
- ?: Do / Does + subject + infinitive
Present Continuous: Actions Happening Now, Temporary Situations
- +: ‘am / is / are + verb-ing
- -: ‘m not / isn’t / aren’t + verb-ing
- ?: Am / Is / Are + subject + verb-ing
Present Perfect Simple: Actions Started in the Past Affecting the Present, Experiences
- +: Have / Has + past participle (3rd column)
- -: Haven’t / Hasn’t + past participle
- ?: Have / Has + subject + past participle
Past Simple: Short Actions or Enumerations, Action Finished in the Past
- +: Subject + past simple (2nd column) or -ed
- -: Didn’t + infinitive
- ?: Did + subject + infinitive
Past Continuous: A Long Action Interrupted by a Short One; Describing a Specific Past Action
- +: Was / Were + verb-ing
- -: Wasn’t / Weren’t + verb-ing
- ?: Was / Were + subject + verb-ing
Past Perfect: Actions or Situations in the Past That Happened Before Other Past Actions
Use with expressions like: second time, third time, it was the first time.
- +: Subject + had + past participle (3rd column)
- -: Hadn’t + past participle
- ?: Had + subject + past participle