English Verb Tenses, Vocabulary, and Adjectives

English Verb Tenses

Present Tenses

• Present Simple: Subject + verb + complement (add -s/-es for third person singular). Negative: don't/doesn't + verb.
• Present Continuous: Subject + to be (am/is/are) + verb-ing + complement.
• Present Perfect: Subject + have/has + past participle (verb-ed or 3rd column).
• Present Perfect Continuous: Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing.

Past Tenses

• Past Simple: Subject + verb-ed (or 2nd column). Negative: didn't + verb (infinitive).
• Past Continuous: Subject + was/were + verb-ing.
• Past Perfect: Subject + had + past participle (verb-ed or 3rd column).
• Be going to: Subject + to be (am/is/are) + going to + verb + complement.

Future Tenses

• Will/Won't: will/won't + infinitive.

Comparatives and Superlatives

• Comparatives: -er/-ier than / more/less + adjective + than.
• Superlatives: the -est/-iest / the most/least + adjective.

Modal Verbs

• Have to/Don't have to: Necessity.
• Must/Mustn't: Obligation.
• Should/Shouldn't: Advice.
• Can: Present ability.
• Could: Past ability.
• Be able to: Ability (used in other tenses).

Food Vocabulary

Allergic, aubergine, avocado, baked, beans, beef, beetroot, boiled, cabbage, cake, cheer yourself up, cherries, chicken, courgette, cucumber, duck, egg, filling, fish, fresh, fried, frozen, fruit, fruit salad, grapes, grilled, hot, intolerant, lamb, lemon, lobster, low-fat, mango, meat, melon, miss, mussels, pepper, pear, prawns, raw, ready-made, roast, seafood, steamed, tinned.

Personality Adjectives

Affectionate, ambitious, anxious, bossy, charming, cheer yourself up, competitive, dishonest, disorganized, friendly, generous, honest, imaginative, immature, impatient, independent, insecure, insensitive, kind, moody, rebellious, reliable, self-confident, selfish, sensible, sensitive, spoilt, stubborn.

Money Vocabulary

Afford, bill, borrow, budget, charge, cost, earn, inherit, insurance, invest, lend, live off/on, loan, mortgage, note, owe, pay, raise, save, scam, spend, take out, waste.

Extreme Adjectives

Amazed, boiling, delighted, enormous, exhausted, fascinating, filthy, freezing, furious, hilarious, huge, positive, starving, terrified, tiny.