English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide: Conditionals, Passive Voice, and More

Conditionals

Zero Conditional

If + present simple, ... present simple

First Conditional

If + present simple, ... will + infinitive

Second Conditional

If + past simple, ... would + infinitive

Third Conditional

If + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle

The Passive Voice (Active/Passive)

Present Simple

Active: The waiter serves the customers.

Passive: The customers are served by the waiter.

Present Continuous

Active: The waiter is serving the customers.

Passive: The customers are being served by the waiter.

Past Simple

Active: The waiter served the customers.

Passive: The customers were served by the waiter.

Past Continuous

Active: The waiter was serving the customers.

Passive: The customers were being served by the waiter.

Present Perfect Simple

Active: The waiter has served the customers.

Passive: The customers have been served by the waiter.

Past Perfect Simple

Active: The waiter had served the customers.

Passive: The customers had been served by the waiter.

Future Simple

Active: The waiter will serve the customers.

Passive: The customers will be served by the waiter.

Future Perfect Simple

Active: The waiter will have served the customers.

Passive: The customers will have been served by the waiter.

Modals

Active: The waiter must serve the customers.

Passive: The customers must be served by the waiter.

Modal Perfects

Active: The waiter must have served the customers.

Passive: The customers must have been served by the waiter.

Have to

Active: The waiter has to serve the customers.

Passive: The customers have to be served by the waiter.

Be Going to

Active: The waiter is going to serve the customers.

Passive: The customers are going to be served by the waiter.

Vocabulary

• apologise for - pedir disculpas por
• apologise to - pedir disculpas a
• argue about - discutir / reñir por
• close friend - amigo/a íntimo/a
• childhood - (de la) infancia / niñez
• clique o crowd - pandilla
• couple - pareja
• criticise - criticar (a)
• damage - daño/s
• date - salir (con)
• depend on - depender de
• disapproval - desaprobación
• divorced - divorciado/a
• engage - prometido/a, comprometido/a
• envy - envidiar
• fall in love - enamorarse
• fiancé/e - prometido /a
• flirt - coquetear
• flow - fluir
• get along - llevarse bien
• get over - olvidarse de, olvidar a; superar
• get to know - conocer mejor (a)
• grow apart - distanciarse
• have got a lot in common - tener mucho en común
• hear about - enterarse de
• hear from - tener noticias / saber de
• hear of - oír hablar de
• horrify - horrorizar
• ignore - ignorar (a), pasar de
• length - longitud; duración; tamaño; distancia
• left out - excluido/a, rechazado/a
• live through - pasar
• mention - hablar de, mencionar
• move on - pasar página, seguir adelante
• possession - posesión
• pride - orgullo
• shine - brillar
• single - soltero/a
• snob - arrogante
• stand still - quedarse quieto/a
• stare at - mirar fijamente
• tear - lágrima
• treat - tratar
• value - valor
• worn - deteriorado/a, raído/a, desgastado/a
• Salary - salari
• Short of - queda poca quantitat
• Afford - poder pagar
• Lent - deixo
• Borrow - demanes
• Owe - deure
• Expenses - despeses
• Savings account - compte d’estalvis
• Split the cost - dividir depeses
• Note - bitllets
• Pay them back - tornar diners
• Pocket money - paga
• Cash - efectiu
• Discount - descompte
• Profit - benefici
• Purchase - comprar
• Budget - pressupost
• Show him around - mostrar-li el voltant
• Rent - llogar
• Go broke - quedar-se sense diners
• Odd jobs - feines estranyes
• Stuff - coses teves
• Request - petició
• Make the best of it - fer-ne el millor
• Suit - vestit
• Pay - pagar
• Serve - servir
• Space - espai
• Understand - entendre
• Select - seleccionar
• Prefer - preferir
• Live beyond their means - viure per sobre economicament
• Worth it - val la pena
• Shopping spree - compra compulsiva
• Go out of business - haver de tancar el negoci
• On the house - convida la casa
• Splash out - tirar la casa per la finestra
• Foot the bill - jo convido
• Shop around - comprar comparant preus
• Make ends meet - costa arribar final de mes
• Costs an arm and a leg - costa molts diners
• Hard-earned money - díficil de guanyar