English Grammar and Vocabulary Cheat Sheet

English Grammar Cheat Sheet

Verb Tenses

Present Simple

Use: habits, routines, facts

Keywords: every day, at night, always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

Present Continuous

Use: actions happening at the moment of speaking

Keywords: at the moment, now, right now, today

Past Simple

Use: completed actions in the past

Keywords: ago, yesterday, last month

Negative/Question Form: did + infinitive verb

Used to

Use: past habits that are no longer true

Structure: subject + used to + infinitive

Negative/Question Form: use to

Past Continuous

Use: actions in progress at a specific time in the past

Keywords: ago, last night, yesterday morning/afternoon

Present Perfect Simple

Use: past actions with a connection to the present

Keywords: already, always, never, ever, just, recently, yet, for, since

Passive Voice

Structure: present/past tense of 'to be' + past participle (or infinitive for present passive)

Use: emphasizes the action rather than the doer

Future Simple

Use: future actions or predictions

Structure: will + base form of verb

Be Going To

Use: future plans

Keywords: soon, later, tomorrow

Conditional Sentences

First Conditional

Structure: if + present simple ..., will + base form of verb

Use: real or likely situations in the future

Second Conditional

Structure: if + past simple ..., would + base form of verb

Use: unreal or unlikely situations in the present or future

Reported Speech

Structure: subject + said + that ...

Tense Changes:

• can - could
• may - might
• have to - had to

Pronoun and Time Expression Changes:

• here - there
• now - then
• this/these - that/those
• tonight - that night
• tomorrow - the next day
• yesterday - the previous day

Vocabulary

Common Verbs (Base Form - Past Simple - Past Participle)

• be - was/were - been
• beat - beat - beaten
• become - became - become
• begin - began - begun
• bend - bent - bent
• bet - bet - bet
• bite - bit - bitten
• bleed - bled - bled
• blow - blew - blown
• break - broke - broken
• bring - brought - brought
• build - built - built
• burn - burnt/burned - burnt/burned
• buy - bought - bought
• catch - caught - caught
• choose - chose - chosen
• come - came - come
• cost - cost - cost
• cut - cut - cut
• dig - dug - dug
• do - did - done
• draw - drew - drawn
• dream - dreamt/dreamed - dreamt/dreamed
• drink - drank - drunk
• drive - drove - driven
• eat - ate - eaten
• fall - fell - fallen
• feed - fed - fed
• feel - felt - felt
• fight - fought - fought
• find - found - found
• fly - flew - flown
• forget - forgot - forgotten
• forgive - forgave - forgiven
• freeze - froze - frozen
• get - got - got
• give - gave - given
• go - went - gone
• hang - hung - hung
• have - had - had
• hear - heard - heard
• hide - hid - hidden
• hit - hit - hit
• hold - held - held
• hurt - hurt - hurt
• keep - kept - kept
• know - knew - known
• lay - laid - laid
• lead - led - led

Other Useful Words

• signpost
• lift
• childish
• annoying
• clumsy
• request
• remind
• dropped out
• spend
• earn
• cloth
• glass
• cardboard
• wildlife
• landfill
• keep in touch
• break up
• fall in love
• obey
• blame
• agree
• share your feelings
• rely on
• witness
• weapon
• search
• breaking into
• run away
• solve
• hack