English Grammar Transformations
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Reported Speech Tense Changes
Present Simple
Direct: He works as an editor.
Reported: She said that he worked as an editor.
Present Continuous
Direct: He is working as an editor.
Reported: She said that he was working as an editor.
Past Simple
Direct: He worked as an editor.
Reported: She said that he had worked as an editor.
Past Continuous
Direct: He was working as an editor.
Reported: She said that he had been working as an editor.
Present Perfect Simple
Direct: He has worked as an editor.
Reported: She said that he had worked as an editor.
Present Perfect Continuous
Direct: He has been working as an editor.
Reported: She said that he had been working as an editor.
Past Perfect Simple
Direct: He had worked as an editor.
Reported: She said that he had worked as an editor.
Past Perfect Continuous
Direct: He had been working as an editor.
Reported: She said that he had been working as an editor.
Future Simple
Direct: He will work as an editor.
Reported: She said that he would work as an editor.
Reported Speech Time and Place Changes
- Now → Then
- Today → That day
- Tonight → That night
- Yesterday → The day before
- Last week → The week before
- A month ago → The month before
- Tomorrow → The next day
- Next week → The week after
- Here → There
- This / These → That / Those
Active and Passive Voice Transformations
Present Simple
Active: Peter plays many roles.
Passive: Many roles are played by Peter.
Present Continuous
Active: Peter is playing many roles.
Passive: Many roles are being played by Peter.
Past Simple
Active: Peter played many roles.
Passive: Many roles were played by Peter.
Past Continuous
Active: Peter was playing many roles.
Passive: Many roles were being played by Peter.
Present Perfect Simple
Active: Peter has played many roles.
Passive: Many roles have been played by Peter.
Past Perfect Simple
Active: Peter had played many roles.
Passive: Many roles had been played by Peter.
Future Simple
Active: Peter will play many roles.
Passive: Many roles will be played by Peter.
Modals
Active: Peter should play many roles.
Passive: Many roles should be played by Peter.
Modal Perfects
Active: Peter must have played many roles.
Passive: Many roles must have been played by Peter.
Have to
Active: Peter has to / have to play many roles.
Passive: Many roles have to be played by Peter.
Be going to
Active: Peter is / are going to play many roles.
Passive: Many roles are / is going to be played by Peter.