English Grammar: Reported Speech and Passive Voice
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Sporting Verbs and Actions
- Televise: televisar
- Score a goal: marcar un gol
- Hold (an event): celebrar
- Win: ganar
- Get a medal: conseguir una medalla
- Support a team: apoyar a un equipo
- Break a record: batir un récord
- Take up (a sport): empezar una afición
- Lose: perder
- Set a record: establecer un récord
- Draw: empatar
- Coach: entrenar / entrenador
Vocabulary for Developing Products
- Design a prototype: diseñar un prototipo
- Give a demonstration: hacer una demostración
- Improve the design: mejorar el diseño
- Research an idea: investigar una idea
- Solve any problems: resolver algunos problemas
- Do market research: hacer estudios de mercado
- Test out the product: probar el producto
- Develop the product: desarrollar el producto
- Develop a concept: desarrollar un concepto
- Manufacture a product: fabricar un producto
- Analyze the results: analizar los resultados
- Invent characters: inventar personajes
Reported Speech Tense Changes
- Present Simple (want) → Past Simple (wanted)
- Present Continuous (are/is improving) → Past Continuous (was/were improving)
- Past Simple (took me) → Past Perfect (had taken him)
- Present Perfect (have/has been) → Past Perfect (had been)
- Will → Would
- Is/Are going to → Was/Were going to
- Can → Could
- Have to → Had to
Time Expressions in Reported Speech
- Today: That day
- Tomorrow: The day after / The following day
- Yesterday: The day before / The previous day
- Next week: The week after / The following week
- Last week: The week before / The previous week
- 12 years ago: 12 years before
- This year: That year
The Passive Voice: Present Simple
- (+) Ice hockey is played in the USA.
- (-) Rugby isn't played in China.
The Passive Voice: Past Simple
- (+) The letter was written by Stephanie.
- (-) The letter wasn't written by Pauline.
The Future Passive: Will
- (+) Joanne's cakes will be sold in the café.
- (-) Joanne's cakes won't be sold in the supermarket.
The Future Passive: Be Going To
- (+) The walls are going to be painted blue.
- (-) The walls aren't going to be painted green.
The Passive Voice: Questions
- Present Simple: Are computers sold in that shop?
- Past Simple: Was the match won by Chelsea?
- Future (will): Will the game be designed by Joe?
- Future (be going to): Is the final going to be televised in England?