English Grammar: Punctuation & Phrasal Verbs
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Mastering English Grammar Essentials
Understanding Punctuation Marks
- Colon (:): Used before explanations, lists, or direct speech.
- Comma (,):
- To separate items in a list.
- To set off parenthetical expressions or words/phrases placed in unusual positions. For example: "My father, however, did not agree."
- To separate a subordinate clause from the main clause when the subordinate clause comes first.
- Dash (-): Can be used in a similar way to colons, semicolons, or brackets. It can also introduce something unexpected or surprising.
- Full Stop (.): Used to mark the end of a sentence or a complete idea.
- Quotation Marks ("): Used to enclose direct speech or titles of short works.
- Semicolon (;): Used instead of a full stop in cases where sentences are grammatically long but their meaning is closely connected. Also used to separate items in lists when the items themselves are grammatically complex.
Common English Phrasal Verbs
- Break down: averiarse
- Break (something) down: tirar/derribar (e.g., "broke the door down")
- Bring (someone) up: educar
- Carry on: continuar
- Catch on (to something): comprender, pillar algo
- Close (something) down: cerrar, guardar
- Come down: caerse
- Come out in (something): salir manchas
- Cut (something) down: talar
- Cut down on (something): reducir
- Cut (something) out: suprimir
- Die down: acabar
- Eat out: comer fuera
- Get (something) across: transmitir
- Get away with (something): salir impune de algo
- Get by (on): sobrevivir
- Get (something) down: apuntar
- Get down to (something): ponerse manos a la obra
- Call off (something): cancelar
- Catch up with (something): ponerse al día
- Come across (something): encontrar
- Get on (with someone): llevarse bien (e.g., "I've never really got on with him")
- Get out: salir (e.g., "You should get out more")
- Get over (something): recuperarse
- Get round (someone): convencer a alguien
- Get through (to someone): hablar por teléfono
- Get up to (something): planear una travesura
- Give (something) away: donar, dar, revelar, mostrar, delatar
- Give (something) back: devolver, ceder
- Give in (to someone/something): rendirse, dejar
- Give off (something): distribuir, emitir
- Give (something) out: dar
- Give (something) up: abandonar
- Go down: caer, bajar los precios
- Go on: continuar
- Grow up: crecer, llegar a ser adulto