English Grammar and Lance Armstrong Case Study

Passive Voice

Tenses

• Present Simple: am/is/are + past participle
• Present Continuous: am/is/are + being + past participle
• Present Perfect: have/has + been + past participle
• Past Simple: was/were + past participle
• Past Continuous: was/were + being + past participle
• Past Perfect: had + been + past participle
• Future Simple: will + be + past participle
• Future Perfect: will + have + been + past participle

Conditionals

• Zero Conditional (Universal Truths): If + present, present
• First Conditional (Reality): If + present simple, will/can/must + infinitive
• Second Conditional (Unlikely): If + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive
• Third Conditional (Missed Opportunity): If + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle

Reported Speech

• Present Simple → Past Simple
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
• Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
• Past Perfect → Past Perfect (no change)
• Future (will) → Future (would)

Time and Place Adverbs

• today → that day
• tonight → that night
• yesterday → the day before
• now → that moment
• last (week) → (week) before
• this → that
• these → those
• here → there

Relative Pronouns

• who - people
• which - things
• that - people and things
• whose - possessive
• where - place

Adverbs of Frequency

• always
• sometimes
• usually
• often

Time Expressions

• already
• yet
• just
• for
• since
• ago

Connectors

• in addition
• however
• while
• although
• from my point of view
• personally
• that is

Lance Armstrong Case Study

Question 1

A) Why might someone not wear the bracelet? Because it is associated with Armstrong and the doping case.

B) True or False:

1. F (lines 1-2)
2. F (lines 9-10)
3. F (lines 15-16)

C) Answer: b

Question 2

A) How did Armstrong's supporters feel?

B) The US Anti-Doping Agency found evidence of Armstrong's doping.

C) Would Smeulders wear the bracelet if Armstrong hadn't doped?

D) Hablas would continue wearing the bracelet despite Armstrong's resignation.

Question 3

A) leading

B) survivor

C) involvement

D) stardom

E) shield

Summary

Lance Armstrong was a cycling star and hero, but his involvement in a doping case changed that.

Armstrong had many supporters, but he is now seen as a fallen hero due to the doping scandal. His cancer charity program was also questioned.

Personally, Armstrong is a disappointment to those who believed in him.