English Grammar and Kitchen Vocabulary Essentials

Present Continuous

Affirmative

I am working - You/We/They are working - He/She/It is working.

Negative

I'm not working - You/We/They aren't working - He/She/It isn't working.

Interrogative

Am I working? - Are you/we/they working? - Is he/she/it working?

Past: To Be

Affirmative

I/He/She/It was - You/We/They were.

Negative

I/He/She/It wasn't - You/We/They weren't.

Interrogative

Was I/he/she/it...? - Were you/we/they...?

Past Simple

Negative

I/You/He/She/It/We/They didn't make.

Interrogative

Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they make...?

Examples: Sam did/Sam didn't - open/opened - buy/bought - give/gave - not have/didn't have - do/did.

Be Going To

Affirmative

I am going to cook - You/We/They are going to cook - He/She/It is going to cook.

Negative

I'm not going to cook - You/We/They aren't going to cook - He/She/It isn't going to cook.

Interrogative

Am I going to cook? - Are you/we/they going to cook? - Is he/she/it going to cook?

Modals

Affirmative

You can cook/He could cook/They must cook/She should cook.

Negative

You can't cook/He couldn't cook/They mustn't cook/She shouldn't cook.

Interrogative

Can you cook?/Could he cook?/Should she cook?

Also: have to/ought to.

Comparative Adjectives

Short Form

cheaper than

Long Form

more expensive than

Irregular Adjectives

good/better - bad/worse - far/farther or further

Examples: soft/softer - crunchy/crunchier - famous/more famous

Superlative Adjectives

...est short/shortest - dry/driest - big/biggest - easy/easiest

Have to / Don't have to

Affirmative

He/She/It has to go - I/You/We/They have to go.

Negative

I/You/We/They don't have to go - He/She/It doesn't have to go.

Interrogative

Do I/you/we/they have to go? - Does he/she/it have to go?

Present Perfect Simple

Affirmative

I/You/We/They have received - He/She/It has received.

Negative

I/You/We/They haven't received - He/She/It hasn't received.

Interrogative

Have I/you/we/they received...? - Has he/she/it received...?

Vocabulary

Kitchen Utensils

• tongs/pinzas
• mixing bowl/bowl de mezcla
• whisk/barilla or batidor
• chef's knife/cuchillo del chef
• chopping board/tabla de cortar
• spatula
• wooden spoon/cuchara de madera
• saucepan/cacerola
• frying pan/sartén
• pot/pota
• oven glove/guante de horno
• ladle/cucharón

Kitchen Appliances & Areas

• sink/lavabo
• fridge/refrigerador
• deep fryer/freidora
• dishwasher/lavavajillas
• cooker/estufa
• oven freezer/horno congelador
• worktop/encimera
• trolley/carretilla

Cooking Ingredients & Actions

• gravy/salsa
• crackers/galletas
• preheat/precalentar
• turn on/encender
• bunch/manojo
• powder/polvo
• leaves/hojas
• pastry/pastelería
• custard/lactoso
• topped/rematado
• layers/capas
• ripe/maduro
• baked/horneado
• filled/lleno
• pie/tarta
• cake/pastel
• cinnamon/canela
• thick/grueso
• should/debería
• make/hacer
• dough/masa
• crust/corteza
• cocoa/cacao
• baking powder/levadura en polvo
• cups/tazas
• flour/harina

Food Handling & Safety

• lunch/almuerzo
• handling food/manipulando comida
• handle/encargarse
• keep/mantener
• ill/enfermo
• dry/seco
• tea towel/paño de cocina
• brush/cepillo
• clean/limpio
• raw/crudo
• cooked/cocido
• healthy/sano
• safe/seguro
• thaw/deshielo

Measurements, Storage & Shopping

• enough/suficiente
• also/además
• butter/mantequilla
• beans/grano
• sell-by/vender por
• storeroom/trastero
• rotten/podrido
• airtight/hermético
• unsafe/inseguro
• growth/crecer y crecimiento
• quickly/con rapidez
• dozen/docena
• wrap/envolver
• throw/lanzar
• tub/tina
• sack/saco
• spray can/lata de aerosol
• sachet/bolsita
• keg/barril
• else/más
• budget/presupuesto
• delivery/entrega
• bargain/negociar
• bill/cuenta
• supplies/suministros
• amount/cantidad
• send/enviar
• spend/gastar
• waste/residuos
• rely/confiar
• purchase/compra