English Grammar Guide: Conditional Sentences and Passive Voice

ZERO CONDITIONAL

If + Present Simple + Present Simple

USE a general truth or fact

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If / Unless + Present Simple + will + base form of verb

USE an action that is likely to happen in the future. If the economy improves, unemployment will end.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If / Unless + Past Simple + would + base form of verb

USE a hypothetical or imaginary situation in the present or future.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

If + Past Perfect Simple + would have + past participle

USE an impossible or unfulfilled situation in the past

Passive Voice

Present Simple: am / is / are + past participle

Millions of birds are killed by cats every year.

Past Simple: was / were + past participle

Dinosaurs were wiped out more than 65 million years ago.

Future Simple: will be + past participle

Emergency supplies will be distributed.

be going to: am / is / are going to be + past participle

With the help of drones, more poachers are going to be caught.

Modals: modal + be + past participle

Tourism to this wilderness area should be limited.

Modal Perfects: modal + have been + past participle

That was risky. You could have been injured!

Present Continuous: am / is / are being + past participle

Today, some crops are being grown in indoor farms.

Past Continuous: was / were being + past participle

Throughout the 1990s, the factory's chemicals were being released into the air.

Present Perfect Simple: have / has been + past participle

Hurricane warnings have already been posted.

Past Perfect Simple: had been + past participle

Their homes had been destroyed by the earthquake.