English Grammar Fundamentals: Tenses, Adjectives, Quantifiers
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Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Short Adjectives (One Syllable)
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| tall | taller | tallest |
| fat | fatter | fattest |
| big | bigger | biggest |
| sad | sadder | saddest |
Adjectives Ending in -y or -le
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| happy | happier | happiest |
| simple | simpler | simplest |
| busy | busier | busiest |
Longer Adjectives (Two or More Syllables)
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| tilted | more tilted | most tilted |
| tangled | more tangled | most tangled |
| important | more important | most important |
| expensive | more expensive | most expensive |
Irregular Adjectives
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| much | more | most |
| far | further / farther | furthest / farthest |
As... As Comparisons
- My horse can run as fast as a car.
Mi caballo puede correr tan rápido como un coche. - He doesn't play as well as me.
Él no juega tan bien como yo.
Past Simple Tense
Irregular Verbs
| Verb (Base Form) | Past Simple Form |
|---|---|
| be | was (I, he, she, it) were (you, we, they) |
| do | did |
| have | had |
Past Continuous Tense
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was playing | I was not playing | Was I playing? |
| You were playing | You were not playing | Were you playing? |
| He was playing | He wasn't playing | Was he playing? |
| We were playing | We weren't playing | Were we playing? |
| They were playing | They weren't playing | Were they playing? |
Present Simple Tense
| Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| I think | Do I think? | I do not think |
| You think | Do you think? | You do not think |
| He thinks | Does he think? | He does not think |
| She thinks | Does she think? | She does not think |
| It thinks | Does it think? | It does not think |
| We think | Do we think? | We do not think. |
| They think | Do they think? | They do not think. |
Present Continuous Tense
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am going | I am not going | Am I going? |
| You are going | You aren't going. | Are you going? |
| He, she, it is going | He, she, it isn't going | Is he, she, it going? |
| We are going | We aren't going | Are we going? |
| You are going | You aren't going | Are you going? |
| They are going | They aren't going | Are they going? |
Understanding Quantifiers
- Some: Used with uncountable or plural nouns in affirmative sentences.
- Any: Used in negative sentences and questions with uncountable and plural countable nouns.
- An: Used with singular countable nouns that begin with a vowel sound.
- A lot of: Used in affirmative sentences, typically before a noun.
- Much: Used in interrogative and negative sentences with uncountable nouns.
- Many: Used in interrogative and negative sentences with countable nouns.