English Grammar Essentials & Vocabulary Lists

English Passive Voice Examples

Transforming active voice sentences to passive voice:

• Open → is opened
• Is opening → is being opened
• Has opened → has been opened
• Opened → was opened
• Was opening → was being opened
• Had opened → had been opened
• Will open → will be opened
• Is going to open → is going to be opened

Conditional Sentence Structures

• First Conditional (1º): If / Unless / As long as + Present Simple, ... Will + Infinitive. (e.g., If I cook..., I will eat...)
• Second Conditional (2º): If + Past Simple, ... Would + Infinitive. (e.g., If I cooked..., I would eat...)
• Third Conditional (3º): If + Past Perfect, ... Would Have + Past Participle. (e.g., If I had cooked..., I would have eaten...)

Using Gerunds (-ing form)

Use a gerund:

• When the verb is the subject of the sentence.
• After prepositions.
• After expressions like: be accustomed to, get used to, look forward to.
• After these verbs: ADMIT, AVOID, CAN'T STAND, CONSIDER, DON'T MIND, ENJOY, FINISH, IMAGINE, MENTION, MISS, PRACTISE, REPORT, SUGGEST.

Using Infinitives (to + verb)

Use an infinitive:

• To express purpose (meaning "para..." in Spanish).
• After adjectives and adverbs.
• After too and enough.
• After these verbs: AFFORD, AGREE, ARRANGE, ASK, ATTEMPT, CHOOSE, DECIDE, EXPECT, HOPE, LEARN, MANAGE, PRETEND, PROMISE, SEEM, WANT.

Campaign & Social Issues Vocabulary (English-Spanish)

• Campaign: campaña
• Charity: caridad / organización benéfica
• Fundraising activity: actividad para recaudar fondos
• Raise awareness of: concienciar sobre
• Raise money: recaudar dinero
• Sponsor: patrocinador / patrocinar
• Animal charity: organización benéfica de animales
• Death penalty: pena de muerte
• Social change: cambio social
• Social issue: problema social / asunto social
• Social media: redes sociales / medios sociales
• Sponsored walk: caminata patrocinada
• Volunteer project: proyecto de voluntariado
• Worthy cause: causa que merece la pena
• Animal rights: derechos de los animales
• Attend a rally: asistir a una manifestación
• Banner: pancarta
• Demonstrator: manifestante
• Education cuts: recortes en educación
• Go on a march: ir a una marcha / manifestación
• Health cuts: recortes en sanidad
• Sign a petition: firmar una petición

Travel & Accommodation Vocabulary (English-Spanish)

• Book a room: reservar una habitación
• Delay: retraso / retrasar
• Get a lift: que te lleven / llevar a alguien (en coche)
• Get a suntan: broncearse
• Go for a meal: ir a comer
• Go on foot: ir a pie
• Go sightseeing: hacer turismo
• Head to: dirigirse a
• Hitchhike: hacer autostop
• Look forward to: tener ganas de / esperar con ilusión
• Pack your bag: hacer la maleta
• Boarding pass: tarjeta de embarque
• Budget hotel: hotel económico
• Check-in desk: mostrador de facturación
• Duty-free: libre de impuestos
• Seaside resort: complejo turístico costero
• Travel on a shoestring: viajar con poco presupuesto
• Travel sickness: mareo (en viajes)

Adjectives for Describing Places (English-Spanish)

• Affluent: rico / próspero
• Affordable: asequible / económico
• Busy: concurrido / ajetreado
• Chic: elegante
• Impressive: impresionante
• Lively: animado / lleno de vida
• Outskirts: afueras
• Run-down: deteriorado / descuidado
• Scenic: pintoresco
• Well-kept: bien cuidado / bien conservado