English Grammar Essentials & Core Vocabulary

Classified in Spanish

Written on September 17, 2025 in English with a size of 5.61 KB

English Grammar Essentials

Semi-Modals:
- Have to (tener que): Expresses obligation.
- Be able to (ser capaz de): Expresses ability.
Modal Verbs:
- Ability: Can / Could (podría, pude) / Will be able to (será capaz de).
- Advice: Should (debería), Ought to (debería).
  - Present and Future: Should / Ought to.
  - Past (3rd form): Should have + past participle (deberías haber...).
- Possibility:
  - Present: May (puede que...).
  - Future: Might (podría).
  - Past (3rd form): Might have + past participle (podría haber...).
- Obligation:
  - Present and Future: Must (debes).
  - Present and Future: Have to (tienes que).

Used after verbs expressing:

Mental Actions: plan, forget, manage, agree, learn, promise, prepare, need, hope, decide, want, wish, allow, ask, teach, mind, take out.
Direct and Indirect Objects: A verb followed by a pronoun or noun (e.g., money) with "to".
- Example: I save money to buy a new car.

Likes and Preferences: dislike, like, hate, prefer, enjoy.
When the Verb is the Subject:
- Example: Learning is important for our students.
After Prepositions: with, at, in, on, under, above, of, off, out, before, after, for, since, until, during, to, about.
- Example: I'm good at learning.

Remember / Forget / Regret (arrepentirse):
- -ing: Refers to a past action.
- to + infinitive: Refers to a present or future action.
Stop:
- -ing: To cease an activity (e.g., stop smoking).
- to + infinitive: To stop in order to do something else (e.g., He stopped to smoke).
Try:
- -ing: To experiment with something.
- to + infinitive: To attempt something with physical effort.
Go on:
- -ing: To continue with the same action.
- to + infinitive: To continue with a different action.

Orders:
- Direct: "Open the door!"
- Reported: He ordered me to open the door.
Questions (WH-Questions):
- Direct: "Where do you live?"
- Reported: He asked me where I lived.
Questions (Yes/No Questions):
- Direct: "Do you live in Madrid?"
- Reported: He asked if I lived in Madrid.

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