English Grammar: Conditionals, Modals, and Crime Vocabulary

English Grammar: Conditionals

1. First Conditional

Structure: If + present simple → will + base verb

Usage: Real or possible future results.

Example:

• If you break the law, you will pay a fine.

2. Second Conditional

Structure: If + past simple → would + base verb

Usage: Unreal or imaginary situations.

Example:

• If I were rich, I would hire a lawyer.

Key Grammar Notes

• Use will only in the main clause, not after if.
  ❌ If you will steal…
  ✅ If you steal…
• The order can be swapped:
  
  • If you study, you will pass.
  • You will pass if you study.

Modal Verbs: Rules and Obligation

Examples:

• You mustn’t steal.
• You don’t have to go to prison for minor crimes.

Verb + Preposition Patterns

• Admit to
• Blame someone for
• Punish someone for
• Sentence someone to
• Rob someone of
• Deter someone from

Crime and Punishment Vocabulary

1. Gang violence: Committing crimes using physical force in a group.
2. Mugger: Someone who attacks and robs people in a public place.
3. Shoplifter: Someone who steals goods from a shop.
4. Traffic offence: Breaking the rules while driving.
5. Community service: Having to help others in a particular area as punishment.
6. Armed robber: Someone who uses a gun to steal.
7. Knife crime: Carrying a sharp weapon to threaten people.
8. Speeding fine: Having to pay money for driving too fast.
9. Prison term: A period of time in jail.
10. Internet fraud: Cheating somebody online to get money or goods.
11. Life sentence: Having to stay in prison until death.
12. Vandal: Someone who deliberately damages public property.

Law and Order: Preposition Reference

1. Preposition: To

• Admit to
• Have the right to
• Sentence somebody to

2. Preposition: Of

• Approve of
• Rob somebody of
• Take account of

3. Preposition: For

• Be responsible for
• Blame somebody for
• Punish somebody for

4. Preposition: From

• Deter somebody from
• Prohibit somebody from
• Release somebody from