English Grammar Cheat Sheet
Classified in Spanish
Written at on 
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Reported Speech
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Pres. (I said "I go to London") | Pas. (He said that he went to London) |
| Pres. C. (He said "I'm going...") | Pas. C. (...he was going...) |
| Pas. (He said "I went to London") | Pas. Perf. (...he had gone...) |
| Pas. C. (He said "I was going...") | Pas. Perf. C. (...he had been going...) |
| Pres. Perf. (He said "I have gone...") | Pas. Perf. (...he had gone...) |
| Fut. (He said "I will go...") | Cond. (...he would go...) |
| Pas. Perf. | Pas. Perf. |
| Cond. | Cond. |
Today - that/that day/tomorrow - the following day/yesterday - the day before/here - there/this - that/these - those.
Conditionals
- If present / future (will, is/are going to)
- If past / conditional (would/could)
- If past perfect / conditional perfect (would + have + past participle)
Passive Voice
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Present | to be + past participle |
| Present Continuous | to be + being + past participle |
| Past Simple | was/were + past participle |
| Past Continuous | was/were + being + past participle |
| Present Perfect | have/has + been + past participle |
| Past Perfect | had + been + past participle |
| Future | will + be + past participle |
| Conditional | would/should/could + be + past participle |
Relative Pronouns
who (people), which (things), whose + name (whose...), where (where), when (when)
Modal Verbs
Can/could (permission, ability), may/might (probability), mustn't/can't (prohibition), have to/must/need (obligation), be able to (to be able to), should/ought to (advice, deduction, should)
Verb Tenses
- Pres. S. (usually, normally, often, always, every)
- Pres. C. (now, at the moment, today)
- Pas. S. (yesterday, ago, the last...)
- Pas. C. (while, when, as soon as)
- Pres. Perf. (just, ever, already, never, how often?, yet, still)
- Fut. (next, tomorrow, on + date)
- Preposition (e.g., to) + -ing
- At the beginning of a sentence: -ing