Engineering Achievements, Challenges, and Key Concepts
Classified in Technology
Written at on English with a size of 2.84 KB.
Ten Engineering Achievements:
- Telephone
- Computers
- AC and refrigeration
- Electronics
- Airplane
- Automobile
- Highways
- Spacecraft
- Internet
- Household appliances
- Imaging
- Radio and TV
Ten of Fourteen Challenges:
- Provide clean access to water
- Enhance VR
- Prevent nuclear terror
- Improve urban infrastructure
- Make solar energy economical
- Secure cyberspace
- Producing energy from fusion
- Manage the nitrogen cycle
- Engineer better medicine
- Advance health informatics
12 Steps:
- Recognition of need
- Problem identification and specification
- Information gathering
- Incubation and ideation
- Development of concepts
- Synthesis
- Analysis
- Prototyping and testing
- Manufacturing
- Marketing
- Maintenance
- Afterlife
Fundamental Differences Between Engine Lathe and Vertical Mill:
Lathe - the workpiece rotates but remains stationary, while the tool moves in 2-D
Vertical mill - the workpiece moves in 3-D, while the tool rotates but remains stationary
Keyway in Mechanical Drive System:
A keyway is an axially groove on the outside of an inner shaft and/or an axially groove on the inside of a sleeve that fits around an inner shaft. A weak material (the key) is inserted into the space formed when the internal and external keyways match up. The purpose of the key/keyway system is to fail when/if the shaft is over-torqued, thus preserving the shaft, analogous to a fuse in an electrical circuit.
Trade Secret:
A formula, pattern, device or compilation of information used in one's business which allows an advantage over competitors.
Advantages: No time limit, property remains secret, legal protection.
Disadvantages: belongs only if kept secret
Copyright:
Protection for originator of artistic and literary works against unauthorized reproduction, distribution or performance of works.
Advantages: Renewable, long lasting legal protection.
Disadvantages: Finite time limit, protects only expression not idea/concept
Trademark:
Any word, name, symbol or device or any combination thereof, adopted and used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify and distinguish his goods.
Advantages: Opportunity to renew every 5 years for unlimited time.
Disadvantages: Can be lost if owner can't demonstrate reasonable effort were made to prevent use from others
Patent:
Government grant of a right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time.
Advantages: Grant of legal monopoly, 20 years from filing date.
Disadvantages: filing date vs issued date.